01/31/2026
What Are the NOW & COMP Waivers?
The NOW (New Options Waiver) and COMP (Comprehensive Supports Waiver) programs provide Medicaid-funded services to eligible individuals with developmental disabilities so they can live in their communities rather than institutions. Services may include personal support, community living support, respite, and more delivered either through a traditional agency or a participant-directed model.
Traditional (Agency-Directed) Services
Under the traditional model, a licensed provider agency manages service delivery from start to finish.
How it works
• DBHDD authorizes services in the Individual Service Plan (ISP)
• A provider agency assigns trained staff
• The agency handles hiring, scheduling, payroll, supervision, and compliance
Pros
• Minimal administrative responsibility for families
• Agency manages training, background checks, and supervision
• Structured support and backups if staff call out
Considerations
• Less flexibility in choosing staff
• Schedules and routines are agency-driven
• Family members typically cannot be paid caregivers
Best fit: Families who prefer a hands-off approach and want professional staff managed entirely by an agency.
Participant-Directed Services
Participant Direction allows the individual—or their chosen representative to manage services directly, with oversight and support.
How it works
• Services are approved by DBHDD in the ISP
• The participant selects a Fiscal Management Services (FMS) provider (also called a fiscal agent)
• The participant or representative hires, schedules, and supervises caregivers
• The fiscal agent handles payroll and tax reporting
Pros
• Greater control over who provides care
• Ability to hire trusted caregivers, including certain family members (with approval)
• Flexible schedules that align with real-life routines
Considerations
• More responsibility for hiring, training, and oversight
• Paid caregivers must meet compliance requirements (background checks, CPR/First Aid, TB test, separate contact information, etc.)
• The Participant-Directed Representative is not paid and must be a different person than the paid caregiver
Best fit: Families who want flexibility, consistency of care, and are comfortable managing details or have a reliable representative to do so.
Common Misunderstandings
• “Participant Direction means no rules.” Not true. DBHDD compliance still applies.
• “The representative gets paid.” Incorrect. Representatives are unpaid and separate from paid caregivers.
• “Traditional is always easier.” It can be but flexibility and fit matter just as much.
How to Choose the Right Model
Ask yourself:
1. Do we want control over who provides daily care?
2. Are we comfortable managing schedules and oversight?
3. Is there a trusted person who can serve as an unpaid representative?
4. Do we need flexibility due to work, school, or medical routines?
There is no universal “best” option only what works best for your household.
Final Takeaway
Both Participant-Directed and Traditional services under the NOW/COMP Waivers are valid, state-approved pathways. The right choice depends on your capacity, preferences, and support system. Understanding the differences early helps prevent delays, compliance issues, and unnecessary stress.
If you are new to the process, confirm details with your DBHDD Regional Office and Support Coordinator before making your selection.
Common Misunderstandings
• “Participant Direction means no rules.” Not true. DBHDD compliance still applies.
• “The representative gets paid.” Incorrect. Representatives are unpaid and separate from paid caregivers.
• “Traditional is always easier.” It can be but flexibility and fit matter just as much.
How to Choose the Right Model
Ask yourself:
1. Do we want control over who provides daily care?
2. Are we comfortable managing schedules and oversight?
3. Is there a trusted person who can serve as an unpaid representative?
4. Do we need flexibility due to work, school, or medical routines?
There is no universal “best” option only what works best for your household.
Final Takeaway
Both Participant-Directed and Traditional services under the NOW/COMP Waivers are valid, state-approved pathways. The right choice depends on your capacity, preferences, and support system. Understanding the differences early helps prevent delays, compliance issues, and unnecessary stress.
If you are new to the process, confirm details with your DBHDD Regional Office and Support Coordinator before making your selection.