08/31/2026
๐ ๐๐๐ก๐จ๐๐ฌ ๐
๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐ซ๐๐๐๐ฌ โ ๐๐๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง #๐๐
๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐๐ซ ๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ซ๐ฌ
๐
๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ง๐๐ฌ๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐๐ค๐ ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ข๐จ
Not far from The Terraces flows a river that has witnessed more history than any building ever could.
The Genesee River comes north through the hills of western New York, emerges from its dramatic gorge near Mt. Morris, spreads into the broad and fertile Genesee Valley, continues through Rochester, and eventually empties into the waters generations have known as Lake Ontario.
We know the river.
It is part of our landscape. We cross it without giving it much thought. We see it from overlooks, drive beside its valley, watch it rise after heavy rains and retreat again. It has watered fields, powered mills, carried floods, carved rock, shaped communities and witnessed generations come and go.
But the Genesee was here before Mt. Morris had that name.
Before Livingston County existed.
Before New York was a state.
Before there was a United States.
And if we follow the river far enough backwardโnot geographically, but historicallyโwe find another story altogether.
๐ชถ ๐๐๐๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ญ. ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐ฌ
Long before European-American settlement, the Genesee Valley was ancestral homeland of the Seneca, the Onรถdowรกโga:โ, the westernmost nation of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Seneca communities lived near the river, cultivating corn, beans and squash, hunting, fishing and building lives intimately connected to this landscape.
Even Mt. Morris carried names before it became Mt. Morris.
Livingston County records Sho-no-jo-waah-geh, translated as โbig kettle,โ as an early Seneca name associated with the town. Another name associated with this place was Da-ya-it-ga-oโinterpreted as โwhere the river comes out of the hillsโ or โwhere the valley widens.โ
Stand above Mt. Morris and look westward across the valley and that description suddenly becomes remarkably vivid.
Here, the Genesee emerges from the narrow gorge and enters the broad valley flats. Even the National Park Service's description of Mt. Morris notes precisely this geography: the village sits on the high banks at the place where the river leaves the steep shale gorge and enters the flat Genesee Valley.
Long before someone placed Mt. Morris on a map, people had named this place by what the land itself was doing.
Where the river comes out of the hills.
There is something beautiful about that.
๐ชถ ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ก๐จ ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐
This history isn't abstract or somewhere far away.
It is beneath our feet.
Seneca leader William Tallchief, Ou-nea-shat-ai-kau, lived at what we now call Murray Hill in Mt. Morris and also at the Squawkie Hill Reservation across the Genesee River. The reservation was among those retained by the Seneca following the 1797 Treaty of Big Tree. After Seneca reservation land in the Genesee Valley was sold, Tallchief moved to the Tonawanda Reservation. His remains were later returned to Mt. Morris, where he is buried.
There was Sally's Bend, named for a Seneca woman named Sally who lived along a bend in the Genesee in the late eighteenth century.
There was Squawkie Hill.
There were Seneca settlements, fields, trails and families.
And then came war, treaties, land speculation and displacement.
During the Revolutionary War, much of the Seneca Nation sided with the British, influenced by complicated alliances, trade relationships and promises concerning their sovereignty. In 1779, George Washington ordered what became known as the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign. Its objective included the destruction of Seneca and Cayuga villages and their food supplies. American troops burned settlements, crops and extensive orchards throughout Haudenosaunee territory.
After the Revolution came increasing pressure for the land itself.
The Treaty of Canandaigua in 1794 recognized Six Nations sovereignty and reaffirmed Indigenous land rights in western New York. Only three years later, the Treaty of Big Tree, negotiated in present-day Geneseo, extinguished Seneca title to most of their remaining lands from the Genesee River west toward Niagara, with several reservations initially retainedโincluding Squawkie Hill here in Livingston County.
Within only a few generations, a landscape that had been Seneca homeland for centuries was transformed.
But the older story never entirely disappeared.
It remains in the land.
And it remains in the names.
๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ซ ๐๐ก๐๐ง ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐ฒ
Follow the Genesee northward and eventually its waters reach the smallest and easternmost of the five Great Lakes.
Lake Ontario.
Today, hearing the word Ontario probably makes most of us think immediately of Canada.
But the lake wasn't named after the Canadian province.
Quite the opposite.
The Indigenous-derived name came first.
The Canadian government traces Ontario to an Iroquoian word associated with โsparkling water.โ Other linguistic interpretations differ somewhat in the exact translation, but the important point is not in dispute: the name has Indigenous roots and was being used centuries before Ontario became a Canadian province in 1867. Canadian historical records note its use by the seventeenth century.
Think about that for a moment.
Before there was a Canada...
Before there was a United States...
Before anyone drew an international boundary through the Great Lakes...
Ontario was already carrying an echo of the people who knew these waters first.
๐บ๏ธ ๐๐ก๐๐ง ๐ ๐๐๐ฆ๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ก๐๐ง๐ ๐๐
And that brings this old story unexpectedly into the present.
On August 27, 2026, President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing the federal government to rename Lake Ontario โLake America.โ The order directs the Secretary of the Interior and U.S. Board on Geographic Names to make the change in federal records and requires federal agencies to use the new name.
The decision has already created controversy, and even maps do not presently agree: Google has begun displaying โLake Americaโ to U.S. users, while other services continue to display Lake Ontario.
It would be very easy for the story to become about Donald Trump.
But I don't think it is.
At least, that isn't the story I want to tell here.
The more interesting question is much older:
What is contained within a name?
And what can be lost when we replace one without understanding where it came from?
Whatever one's politics, Ontario is not merely the name of a Canadian province sitting across the water from New York.
It carries Indigenous linguistic roots.
It connects the present landscape to people who knew these waters before either nation existed.
And here in Mt. Morris, that history feels particularly close.
We live beside another body of water whose story stretches backward through Seneca historyโthe Genesee.
The same river that flows beneath our bridges today flowed past William Tallchief.
It flowed past Seneca communities.
It flowed when this place was known by names most of us no longer know.
It flowed before Robert Morris's name was attached to our town.
It flowed before Livingston County appeared on a map.
And it flowed before anyone imagined an international border dividing the waters to the north.
๐ ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐๐ซ ๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ซ๐ฌ
Perhaps that is why I keep coming back to the river.
Human beings have always had a need to name things.
We name rivers.
We name mountains.
We name towns.
We name lakes.
Sometimes those names survive for centuries.
Sometimes they disappear.
Sometimes one people replaces the name given by another.
And occasionally, if we look closely enough at an old map or listen carefully enough to an old story, a forgotten name speaks again.
Governments change.
Borders change.
Maps are redrawn.
Presidents come and go.
But from here in Mt. Morris, the Genesee continues its ancient journey northward.
Past fields and towns.
Through Rochester.
And finally into the great lake whose waters have been known for centuries by a name rooted in the languages of the Indigenous people of this region.
Ontario.
Maybe maps tell us what a place is called today.
But history tells us what came before.
And sometimes, if we are willing to listenโ
the water remembers.
๐๐ชถ
โ๏ธ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ง
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ๐ญ๐๐ฅ๐ฅ๐๐ซ
๐๐๐ก๐จ๐๐ฌ ๐
๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐ซ๐๐๐๐ฌ
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