05/30/2022
The Origins of Memorial Day
On May 30, 1868, roughly 5,000 people gathered at Arlington National Cemetery to honor the Civil War soldiers buried there. Ohio Congressman and future president James A. Garfield gave a speech. The Ohioan had served as a major general during the Civil War. Brig. Gen. Halbert E. Paine, who lost his left leg during the war, read Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address as part of the ceremony. Afterward, attendees decorated the graves of more than 20,000 Civil War soldiers who died during the war. This event was the first national effort to honor U.S. soldiers who died in the service of their country.
Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, the commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, initiated it. He issued an order from his headquarters in Washington, D.C., a little more than three weeks before the gathering at Arlington. Logan had a long and distinguished career during the Civil War, rising from colonel to major general. He had been wounded three times during the war and witnessed countless men fall in battle.
A Tradition Begins
There is some debate about who inspired Logan to start this tradition. Some claim his wife observed ceremonies honoring fallen Confederate soldiers in Virginia and gave her husband the idea. Others maintain nurse Martha G. Kimball witnessed this practice, not his wife Mary, and wrote to Logan to suggest it. Another account says an unidentified German Civil War veteran recommended it. In the soldier’s homeland, it was customary to place flowers on the graves of the deceased during the spring. Regardless of who inspired Logan, he initiated what would become over a hundred-year tradition in the U.S.
Around the turn of the century, “Decoration Day” saw two significant changes. By the 1890s, people began to refer to it as “Memorial Day.” Eventually, Memorial Day won out. After WWI, the holiday recognized soldiers of every American war, not just those who died during the Civil War.