08/09/2026
The Electoral College was established in 1787 by Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution for two reasons:
1. As a way to mitigate the dominance of the larger states
2. Because the framers did not trust voters to make an educated decision when voting for the President.
Some lawmakers even wanted Congress to elect the President, rather than by popular vote. The Electoral College process was a compromise based on the idea of an “electoral middle-man."
The Constitution says little about who can serve as an elector, but it does set two clear limits: sitting Senators, Representatives, and anyone holding an “office of trust or profit” under the United States cannot serve. Separately, the 14th Amendment bars anyone who has engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States from serving as an elector. Beyond those restrictions, states set their own rules. Prior to the general election, each state’s political parties nominate a slate of electors. Typically these are party leaders or others with a close affiliation to that party’s Presidential candidate, chosen largely for their loyalty to the party and its nominee.
Many different proposals to change the Presidential election process have been put forth over the last two hundred and fifty years, but none have been passed by Congress and sent to the states to be ratified as an amendment to the Constitution. More than 700 proposals have been brought to Congress to reform or eliminate the Electoral College. That’s more Constitutional amendments than any other subject! Public opinion polling indicates that the average American is in favor of eliminating the process, while political scientists continue to support it.