10/02/2026
You never stop learning in Cataloguing
MARC Code List for Relators: Term Sequence
https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2026/02/marc-code-list-for-relators-term.html
The MARC Code List for Relators โ Term Sequence is a standardized list maintained by the Library of Congress (LC) that provides relator terms and their corresponding codes used in MARC records to describe the relationship between a person, corporate body, or meeting and a resource.
Below is a clear LIS-oriented explanation.
1. What is the MARC Code List for Relators?
The MARC Code List for Relators is a controlled vocabulary used in MARC 21 records to specify the role played by an agent (person or organization) in relation to a work.
Examples of roles include:
Author
Editor
Illustrator
Translator
Composer
Publisher
Actor
Each role is assigned a standard three-character code.
Example:
Relator Term Code
Author aut
Editor edt
Illustrator ill
Translator trl
Actor act
The purpose is to clearly indicate the relationship between names and works in bibliographic records.
2. What Does โTerm Sequenceโ Mean?
The Term Sequence is one of the two arrangements of the relator list.
The two arrangements are:
Term Sequence
Relator terms listed alphabetically by term
Example: Actor โ Adapter โ Annotator โ Architect
Includes:
Term
Code (in brackets)
Definition
Variant terms (UF โ Used For)
Code Sequence
Relator entries arranged alphabetically by code
Example: act โ Actor, adp โ Adapter
In short:
โ
Term Sequence = alphabetical by relator term
โ
Code Sequence = alphabetical by code
3. Structure of an Entry in Term Sequence
A typical entry contains:
Example:
Censor [cns]
Use for a person responsible for expurgating or suppressing material.
UF
Bowdlerizer
Expurgator
Components:
Relator term (Censor)
Relator code ([cns])
Definition
UF (Used For) references โ variant or non-preferred terms
UF references appear separately in alphabetical order but without codes.
4. Code Structure
Relator codes:
Are three lowercase alphabetic characters
Usually derived from the relator term
Example:
Actor โ act
Adapter โ adp
Annotator โ ann
5. Where Relator Codes Are Used in MARC Records
Relator codes commonly appear in subfield $4 or relator terms in $e.
Examples:
100 1_ $a Shakespeare, William, $e author.
700 1_ $a Smith, John, $4 edt
Typical MARC fields:
100, 110, 111 (Main entry)
700, 710, 711 (Added entry)
600โ611 (Subject added entries)
6. Purpose in Cataloguing
The Term Sequence helps cataloguers:
Standardize role descriptions
Improve indexing and retrieval
Support authority control
Enable machine-readable relationships between creators and works
Avoid ambiguity (e.g., editor vs translator vs illustrator)