12/09/2022
Nalanda, The Ancient University
Nalanda Mahavihara had been an ancient seat of learning and a religious Centre that imparted manifold knowledge. It existed in ancient Magadha (presently, Bihar and parts of Bengal, Orisha in India) between the 5th century AD to 12 century AD. It was believed that the term Nalanda might have been originated from the word nalam (lotus), or da nalanda, signifying giver of knowledge. Nalanda Mahavira is one of the renowned Buddhist monastery university in ancient Magadha, founded by first Kumaragupta (413-455 A.D.) of Gupta Dynasty, Raja Harshanvardhana (606-647 A.D.) of Kanauji and the Pala Raja of east India (8th-12th century).
The university was also a first residential International University of the world, housing about 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers. The subjects taught by the renowned teachers amassed every field of learning, and attracted pupils and scholars from all parts of the world-Korea, Japan, China, Tibet, Indonesia, Persia and Turkey. Nalanda Mahavihara taught six major Buddhist schools and philosophies such as Yogacara and Sarvastivada as well as subjects such as grammar, medicine, logic and mathematics.
In 1193, Nalanda was ransacked and destroyed by an army of the Muslim Mamluk Dynasty under the general Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji. About six centuries after Nalandas decline, the site was first discovered and reported by Sir Francis Buchanan. The site was systematically excavated and consolidated by Archaeological Survey of India from 1915 to 1937 and again from 1974 to 1982. In 2016 the ruins were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the historical significance of Nalanda, attract thousands of tourists every year from both India and abroad.
Sources
https://www.nnm.ac.in/about-us/nalanda-an-overview/
https://nalanda.nic.in/en/history/
Nalanda, A World Heritage Site
https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1502/