12/06/2026
"Belgium buried its entire national electricity grid underground — the first country in Europe to eliminate every overhead power line.
Belgium is Europe's most densely populated country — 383 people per square kilometre. There is virtually no route for an overhead transmission line that does not cross densely populated or highly valued landscape. Community opposition blocked new overhead lines for decades. Elia, Belgium's transmission operator, solved the problem by going underground entirely.
Over twenty years, Elia systematically replaced all remaining overhead high-voltage transmission lines with underground cables — completing the programme in 2024. The technical challenge was immense. High-voltage cables generate heat from resistive losses that must dissipate into surrounding soil, limiting current capacity compared to overhead equivalents. Elia's solution used gas-insulated line technology for the highest-voltage sections and cross-linked polyethylene cables with active fluid cooling for the medium-high voltage network. Total cost: 18 billion euros over two decades.
The results are measurable. Storm-related outage events — historically 60% of all high-voltage network interruptions in Belgium — have been effectively eliminated. Underground cables are immune to wind, ice loading, and falling trees. The land freed from transmission line easements has been returned to agriculture and natural habitat — recovering approximately 2,800 hectares.
Three neighbouring countries — Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Denmark — are conducting feasibility studies based on Belgium's technical data. Belgium went underground. The grid will never come back up.
Source: Elia Transmission Belgium, 2024