01/04/2026
Castles exist all over the world. But in Medieval England, you actually had to get a licence to build one. The ‘Licence to Crenellate’ , as it was known, existed from the 12th to 16th centuries.
It was given by the king (though some powerful nobles issued them too), and granted anyone permission to fortify their property.
Today there are approximately 460 surviving licences, with several examples relating to Lincolnshire. The earliest known licence for Lincolnshire was given in 1142 to William d’Aubigny, the 1st Earl of Lincoln, for a fortification at Gainsborough (presumably at Castle Hills, Thonock).
Another licence appears a few years later in 1146 to Ranulf, Earl of Chester, to build a tower at Lincoln Castle. A ‘Roberto de Tatteshal’ is mention receiving licence in 1231, which is thought to be Robert of Tattershall for his manor at Tattershall, the precursor of Tattershall Castle.
Another licence appears in 1281 for Antonius Bek, Bishop Durham, for his property of Somerton castle (near Boothby Graffoe).
Lincoln Cathedral appears in several licences; numerous licences appear under the ‘Dean and Chapter of Lincoln’ in relation to the ‘Cathedral Close’, the wall that surrounded the Cathedral property, in 1285, 1316 and 1318. Another licence appears in 1329 for the Bishop of Lincoln, granting permission to build a palace (today’s Bishop’s Palace).
Do you think this is the first instance of a planning application in the UK? Let us know you’re thoughts. You can also find out more about the mentioned sites below:
https://heritage-explorer.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Monument/MLI54187
https://heritage-explorer.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Monument/MLI70129
https://heritage-explorer.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Monument/MLI43561
https://heritage-explorer.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Monument/MLI60738
https://heritage-explorer.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Monument/MLI70180
https://heritage-explorer.lincolnshire.gov.uk/Monument/MLI70139
Image Credit: "Lincoln Castle, walls, northeast corner", Tilman2007, CC-BY-SA-4.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1388491_Lincoln_Castle,_walls,_northeast_corner_Lincoln_20240519_0195.jpg