12/10/2026
Beastly beliefs: medieval edition 🦄
AKA: ‘Beware the bonnacon’ 💩
The Divinity School was in the news recently when a 3D digital survey revealed that a ceiling boss long catalogued as a tangled calf or cow was actually a monoceros: a one-horned mythical beast, similar to a unicorn.
The carving forms part of a study of the Divinity School's 465 decorative ceiling bosses, carved between 1480 and 1483. The project was carried out by the Factum Foundation as part of , which uses advanced imaging techniques to document Oxford's cultural heritage.
The monoceros appears in medieval , alongside lions, foxes, bears and many other creatures.
Bestiaries were not zoological textbooks in the modern sense. They combined observations of real animals with ancient traditions, Christian symbolism, moral lessons, folklore and mythology.
As a result, some of their ‘facts’ were genuine attempts to describe the natural world, while others were stories intended to teach spiritual truths.
In honour of the newly identified monoceros, here are some beliefs that medieval people apparently held about beasts.
Featuring the following manuscripts - all of which you can explore for yourself at Digital Bodleian! https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/
- St John's College MS 61
- Bodleian Library MS. Douce 167
- Bodleian Library MS. Bodl. 764
- Bodleian Library MS. e Mus. 136
- Bodleian Library MS. Laud Misc. 247
- Bodleian Library MS. Ashmole 1511