15/02/2026
150 YEARS AGO TODAY, ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL FILED HIS PATENT FOR THE FIRST TELEPHONE
Alexander Bell was born in Charlotte Square, Edinburgh on 03 March 1847.
Sound and speech were part of Bellโs life from a young age: his father was a well-known elocution and speech training teacher, whose work focused on developing a system of โvisible speechโ, which allowed speech sounds to be written down.
He aimed to use this visualisation as a means of teaching deaf people to speak, without them ever having heard words spoken.
Encouraged by his father, Alexander attempted to make working models of ear and vocal cords, aiming to create a mechanical speech device.
He attended classes in anatomy and physiology in London for a couple of years where he built his understanding of how speech and hearing worked.
Following the death of Bellโs two brothers from tuberculosis, in 1870 the family emigrated to Canada before Bell moved to the United States a year later.
Building on his fatherโs earlier work on the human voice, he started teaching deaf students in Boston before being appointed Professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at Boston University.
Early experiments in speech creation, along with his knowledge of anatomy, informed his own experiments on transmitting speech, which he began in earnest from 1873.
Through study and experimentation, Bell hypothesised that if sound waves could be converted into a fluctuating electric current, that current could then be reconverted into sound waves identical to the original at the other end of the circuit.
150 years ago to the day, on 14 February 1876, Bell filed an application for โImprovements in Telegraphyโ.
On 10 March 1876, his first intelligible telephone communication was made.
Bell was in his laboratory with this latest experimental version of a telephone transmitter, while in his bedroom, his assistant Watson waited with a reed receiver pressed against his ear. Two days later, Bell described what happened:
โI then shouted into M [the mouthpiece] the following sentence: โMr Watson โ Come here โ I want to see you.โ To my delight he came and declared that he had heard and understood what I said.โ
In July 1877, Bell, Watson (and other funders) established the Bell Telephone Company to market their new device.
All summer Bell travelled Britain promoting his invention and even demonstrated the device to Queen Victoria who was so amused she asked to keep the temporary installation in place.
The first telephones โ called box telephones because of their shape โ went on sale later that year.
Bellโs last visit to Edinburgh was in November 1920. He gave a speech to pupils at the cityโs Royal High School, where he had been a student 60 years before.
He imagined that this young generation might live to see a time when someone โin any part of the world would be able to telephone to any other part of the world without any wires at all.โ
He died on 02 August 1922 aged 75. On the day of his funeral, the telephone systems in the US and Canada were silenced for one minute.
ENDS