06/06/2019
Use of tissue culture in plant amplification
introduction
Turmeric (Kurukuma Long Kul-janigreversi) is a tropical masala, which is cultivated for its tubers. It is used in the field of spices, dyes, medicines and cosmetics. Its tubers produce yellowish substance - Kurukmin and a high-flying oily substance - the tarmerol. Its tubers contain high amounts of energy (in the form of carbohydrate) and minerals. Without this the discipline of cooked food is incomplete. India's monopoly on its yield The region of Middle and South and Assam of our country is the main part of its production.
Climate
Hot and humid areas of good rainfall are suitable for its production. It can be cultivated easily with good irrigation system in the area of up to 1200 meters high.
soil
Due to its good yield, sweet kwal or black soil is good. However, good yield can also be obtained in the less fertile Balui loam soil by composting. Its farm should have a good drainage system. Soil should not be alkaline. Rubbing of tubers is the main problem. In such a field, crop management should be adopted for at least two years.
Variety
Based on the time taken in the preparation of the crop, its varieties are classified into three sections.
1. The varieties of 'musk' class prepared in a short time - useful in the kitchen, crop preparation in 7 months, yield less. Such as musk
2. The varieties of Kesari class, which are ready in medium time - ready in 8 months, good yield, good quality tubers. As-Kesari, Amruthapani, Kothapeta
3. Long-term varieties - Prepared in 9 months, the highest yield, the virtues in the properties. Like Duggirara, Tekurapet, Middakur, Armur
At the commercial level, Dugigira and Tekupet cultivation are due to their high quality.
Other varieties
Mithapur, Rajendra Sonia, Sugandh, Sudarshan, Rashim and Megha Haldi-1
Transplant
In the fields of heavy soil, they cultivate the fields well and prepare the fields in the drainage system. Only in the field of light soils, it can be transplanted to its tubers or tissue-enhanced plants in plain soil. For this, the size of the beds can be kept at their convenience. Both maternal tuber or new tuber can be used for its transplantation. Maternal tubers are planted at a rate of 10 quintals and new tubers of 8 kwantal or 90 thousand tissue cultured plants per acre. Its transplant is done at a distance of 6 "x12" in the area of red soil and black soil is at a distance of 6 "x16". Can be transplanted even at a distance of 8 "on the rails built at a distance of 18".
Planting time
For varieties that are ready in less time- May.
For varieties that are ready in medium time- in the first part of June
Long-term varieties-June-July
Delay in transplantation brings reduction in both the development and yield of plants. Treatment of tubercles with 0.3% solution of pre-diethane M-45 before planting does not cause tuber rottenness.
Quantity of manure
Turmeric cultivation uses carbonic and chemical compost (per acre) as per the following table.
Variety
Compost
Quantity
Organic
Compost
120-160 quintals
Khalli
60 Kwital
Chemical
(For light soil)
Urea
270 kg
Phosphate
330 kg
Potash
120 kg
Method of manure use
Organic
It is advisable to use whole compost and use it in kai bar.
Chemical
At the time of transplanting one-third of the amount of phosphate, half a kilo of potash or transplantation of urea, two months after one-third of urea and one-third of potash remaining half and urea use four months after transplantation.
Gulwar
Due to the drying of turmeric in the fields, soil moisture is maintained for many days and weeds are also controlled.
End cessation
4 sq. M per Planting of castor plants in the field can be done in turmeric fields and extra income. Extra income can be obtained by cultivating corn or chilli in a row after every two row turmeric.
Care
In the early stages of the crop, weeds can be controlled four times and weeds can be controlled.
Irrigation
Usually irrigation is required at intervals of 5-7 days. In the area of heavy soil, irrigation is done 30 times in the area of 20 and light soil during the entire crop season.
Plant protectionInsect
Fortunately, there are not many enemies in the form of insects of this crop. Some are described below-
Tuber fly
This flies the tuber in the process of development and rashes the tuber. This fly can be controlled using the FORT 10g grains of 10 kg per hectare.
Baruth
These worms destroy the leaves. To control them, treat Dimethoate or methyl damaton solution of 2 ml per liter of water or solvent solution of 3 grams per liter of calanthane or soluble sulfur.
Disease
Some diseases cause great damage to this crop -
Tuber rot
All varieties of turmeric are affected by this disease. It is prevented by proper cessation or chemicals. Stains are seen on the upper parts of plants affected by this disease and in the end the plants dry up. Due to its prevention, the area affected by bordeaux mixture is digested. Tubers should be planted by treating tubers for a half hour by 0.3% solution of dyethane M-45 and for planting the tubers. Tubers should also control the fly.
