Education general knowledge

29/10/2019

28/10/2019

Important Today Current Affairs 27th October 2019
PM Modi to visit Saudi

On October 29, 2019, the Prime Minister Modi is to attend the third session of Future Investment Initiative Forum in Saudi Arabia.
He will also meet the Saudi king Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
During his visit, India and Saudi Arabia will sign a raft of key pacts to ramp up ties in several key sectors.
An India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council will be launched.
Colombo Declaration

On October 24, 2019, the member states of United Nations endorsed a proposed road map for action on nitrogen challenges called Colombo Declaration on Sustainable Nitrogen Management.
It was organized by Sri Lanka with the support of UN and its member nations.
The aim of the Declaration is to halve nitrogen waste by 2030.
The event endorsed UN plans for a campaign called “Nitrogen for Life”.
‘Deepotsav’ Enters Guinness World Records

The much-talked-about ‘Deepotsav’, the annual Diwali festival in Ayodhya, entered the Guinness Book of Record with the illumination of 5.51 lakh earthen lamps on the occasion.
The event made it to the Guinness World Records for ‘the largest display of oil lamps’.
It has been achieved by Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh and Dr Ram Manohar Lohiya Awadh University.

Bio Bricks from Agri waste

The researchers from IIT Hyderabad and School of Architecture, Bhubaneswar have developed bio-bricks from agricultural waste.
The product serves dual purposes of development of eco-friendly sustainable material and also waste management.
The bricks are made from agro-waste like wheat straw, paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse and cotton plant.
Bio-bricks are more sustainable than clay bricks.

ISRO to launch 14 Satellites

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will launch 14 small satellites.
The payloads will launch on PSLV’s C47, C48 and C49 missions, scheduled to launch in November and December 2019 from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
In each of the three PSLV flights, ISRO will have one of its earth observation satellites as the larger primary payload.

Yoga Inspirational teacher V Nanammal dies

India’s oldest exponent and teacher of yoga, V Nanammal, has died at her home near Coimbatore, in the southern state of Tamil Nadu.
She was 99 and still teaching a hundred students a day until a few months ago.
Known affectionately as “Yoga Grandma”, Nanammal received the Padma Shri – one of India’s highest civilian honours.

UP CM launched new emergency helpline no. 112

UP CM Yogi Adityanath launched an all-encompassing emergency helpline number ‘112’ to access police, fire brigade, ambulance and other services under the Emergency Response Support System.
He also launched a senior citizen safety initiative ‘Savera’.
This single helpline number 112 will reduce the response time.

NCRB report

National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has released a report on criminal cases that happened in India between 2017-18.
Out of the total 3, 59,849 cases, Uttar Pradesh alone had 56,011 cases.
Maharashtra with 31979 cases and West Bengal with 30,002 cases were second and third on the list.

Lucknow school bagged Guinness World Record

Lucknow-based school has won the Guinness World Record for becoming the ‘world’s largest school’ in terms of strength of students.
City Montessori School (CMS) has won the global award for having 55,547 students in 2019-20, as stated by CMS founder, Jagdish Gandhi.
Currently, the CMS has 18 branches and approximately 56,000 students all over the city.

Appointments

Birender Singh Yadav has been appointed as India’s next Ambassador to Iraq. A 1997-batch Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer, Yadav is expected to take up the assignment shortly.

The MEA also announced the appointment of Muktesh Kumar Pardeshi as India’s next High Commissioner to Samoa. Pardeshi is currently serving as the Ambassador to New Zealand.

Odisha inked LoU with UNICEF

The Odisha government has signed a Letter of Understanding (LoU) with UNICEF to provide safe drinking water to every household in the state.
The LoU was signed by the state housing and urban development department (HUDD) to provide 24-hour safe drinking water and the project has been named as ‘Drink From Tap Mission’.
The project will be launched on a pilot basis for about 1.2 lakh people.

Justin Trudeau wins Canada’s general election

After the elections in Canada Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau’s Liberal Party will return to power, but as a minority government.
The victory ensures that Trudeau will serve as Prime Minister for a second term.
Canada Capital – Ottawa.
Canada Currency – Canadian dollar.

NASA To Launch Golf Cart-Sized Rover

NASA will send a golf cart-sized robot to the moon in 2022 to search for deposits of water below the surface.
This is an effort to evaluate the vital resource ahead of a planned human return to the moon in 2024 to possibly use it for astronauts to drink and to make rocket fuel,
The VIPER robot stands for Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover.

Odisha Mo Parivar programme launched

Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik launched a social service initiative aimed at encouraging environment protection, blood donation, and the welfare of Odias in distress.
The initiative will also come to the rescue of Odias stranded in foreign countries.
The programme is a tribute to late Biju Patnaik.
The BJD President appointed party leader Arup Patnaik as its convener.
Travel advisory for tourists visiting Turkey

The Government of India has issued travel advisory for Indian tourists visiting Turkey.
The government has asked Indian nationals travelling to Turkey to get in touch with the Indian missions posted there for any assistance.
This comes amid tensions between the US and Turkey growing after President Donald Trump decided earlier this month to withdraw all 1,000 US troops from the region.

‘Maharatna’ status granted to HPCL & PGCIL

‘Maharatna’ status has been granted by the Government to state-owned Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited and Power Grid Corporation of India Limited.
The status also comes with greater operational and financial autonomy.
The grant of Maharatna status to the PSUs will impart enhanced powers to their Boards to take financial decisions.

CBSE & NCERT launched ‘Tamanna’ test

CBSE and NCERT have launched an online aptitude test called ‘Tamanna’.
Tamanna stands for Try And Measure Aptitude And Natural Abilities.
Tamanna is an aptitude test that aims to help students of Class 9 and 10 to make a better choice of subjects, eventually helping them in making an informed decision while choosing subjects in Class 11 and 12.

First kerosene-free district of Gujarat

Gandhinagar has become Gujarat’s first Kerosene-free district.
Home Minister Amit Shah allotted 1,000 LPG connections to the people in Gandhinagar.
Amit Shah said that rural women have been allotted LPG connections under the Ujjwala Yojana.
It was also announced that ONGC completed this scheme with a cost of Rs. 6.13 core.
This scheme is covering more than 75,000 rural women.

Bill Gates overtook Jeff Bezos

Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates overtook Jeff Bezos to become the world’s richest person.
Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos lost the title as the world’s richest man, after losing nearly $7 billion in stock value leaving his net worth to $103.9 billion.
Bill Gates’ current worth is $105.7 billion.
He debuted on Forbes’ first ever billionaire list in 1987 with a net worth of $1.25 billion.

PM KISAN call centre to be set up

The government is planning to set up a call centre to respond to farmers’ queries about the PM Kisan minimum income support scheme.
It plans to have a dedicated round-the-clock interactive voice response (IVR) system.
At present there is a helpline number for farmers to register complaints and seek information, but there have been complaints galore that farmers do not getting any response.

27/06/2018

Q1 .The cooling by a desert cooler is based on-
रेगिस्तानी कूलर द्वारा कूलिंग किस पर आधारित है -
(a) Hot air replacement/गर्म हवा प्रतिस्थापन
(b) Air dehydration/हवा निर्जलीकरण
(c) Evaporative cooling/वाष्पशील शीतलन
(d) Air rehydration/हवा पुनर्जलीकरण

Show Answer

Ans.(c)
Sol. The cooling by a desert cooler is based on evaporative cooling. These coolers are also known as swamp coolers.

Q2. Fish can survive in a frozen lake because-
मछली एक जमी हुई झील में जीवित रह सकती है क्योंकि -
(a) Fish are warm blooded animals/मछली गर्म खून वाली जीव हैं
(b) Fish hibernate in ice/मछली बर्फ में शीतस्वाप में होती है
(c) Water near the bottom does not freeze/तल के पास का पानी नहीं जमता है
(d) Ice is a good conductor of heat/बर्फ उष्मा की सुचालक है

Show Answer

Ans.(c)
Sol. This is because of a phenomenon is known as winter stratification in water bodies. In the winter season, the water at the top layer of water bodies will be ice cold (0°C) and are gradually frozen. But still, the bottom layers will have liquid water and maintain a temperature (4°C) which supports the life there. Thus, fishes and other aquatic animals are saved from the frozen top layer of water.

Q3. Increasing the amount of a substance does not change its-
किसी पदार्थ की मात्रा में वृद्धि से उसकी ________ में परिवर्तन नहीं होता है.
(a) Volume / आयतन
(b) Weight / भार
(c) Mass / द्रव्यमान
(d) Density / घनत्व

Show Answer

Ans.(d)
Sol. Density of an object depends on its mass and volume. Density can be found by using the equation:
Density = Mass/Volume

Q4. At which temperature density of water is maximum?
किस तापमान पर पानी का घनत्व अधिकतम है?
(a) 4°C
(b) 0°C
(c) –4°C
(d) –8°C

Show Answer

Ans.(a)
Sol. The mass of any substance while heating remains the same however its volume increases. Thus, its density decreases. But water exhibits an anomalous expansion on cooling and contraction on heating within a specific range of temperature. When water at 0°C is heated, it is observed that it contracts betwe

23/04/2018

Geography lesson
The climate of India part 2

23/04/2018

Geography lesson THE climate of india PART 1

PLEASE SHARE AND LIKE

23/04/2018

Soils of India: Classification and Characteristics

Alluvial soil:

22/04/2018

Soils of India: Classification and Characteristics missing part

22/04/2018

Soils of India: Classification and Characteristics

12/03/2018

General science

09/01/2018

INDIAN HISTORTY GANDIJI ERA

Rowlatt Act (1919)

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 13,1919)

Khilafat movement (1920-22)

Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22)

Swaraj party (1923)

Simon Commission (1927)

Dandi March/Salt Satyagraha (1930)

The First Round Table Conference (1930)

Gandhi-Irwin Pact/Delhi Pact (March 5 1931)

The Second Round Table Conference (1931)

The Communal Award(1932)

Poona Pact(1932)

The Third Round Table Conference (1932)

The Government of India Act 1935
Main events during the Gandhian Era

ROWLATT ACT - (1919)

Lord Chelmsford

In 1918 with Justice Rowlatt

The Rowlatt Act 1919 , Gave unbridled powers

Gave a call for Satyagraha on April 6, 1919

JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE APRIL 13 , 1919

Serious unrest in Punjab

Public meeting held on April 13, 1919 in a park called Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar

General o' Dyer fired at people who assembled in Jallianwala Bagh

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT 1919

The Ali Brothers – Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started this movement along with Maulana Azad ,

Hakim Ajmal Khan and Hasrat Mohani

Gandhiji viewed the khilafat agitation as a golden opportunity for bringing the Hindus and Muslims together

NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT (1920)

First mass –based political movement under Gandhiji.

Congress passed the resolution in its Calcutta Session in September 1920

The movement envisaged

Surrender of titles and honorary offices

Resignation from nominated offices and posts in the local bodies

Refusal to attend Govt darbars and boycott of British courts by the lawyers

the boycott of foreign goods etc

Prince of Wales visited India during this period. But was greeted with empty streets and downed shutters (1921)

SWARAJ PARTY (1923)

Motilal Nehru, C.R.Das, and N.C. Kelkar organised the Swaraj party

The Foundation of the Swaraj party were laid on Jan 1923 as the ' Congress Khilafat – Swaraj Party '

In 1923 elections , the swarajist got a majority in Bengal and Central Province

SIMON COMMISSION (1927)

Constituted under John Simon , to review the political situation in India and to introduce further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy

Indian leaders opposed the commission , as there were no Indians in it

Congress turned the boycott into the movement

Simon and his Colleagues were greeted with hartals and black-flag demonstrations

Whenever the commission went there were cries of ' Simon Go Back '

The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular opposition

NEHRU REPORT (1928)

The Committee was set up under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to evolve and determine the principals of constitution for India

LAHORE SESSION (1929)

On Dec 19 , 1929 , under the Presidentship of J.L.Nehru , the INC , at its Lahore session , declared Poorna Swaraj

DANDI MARCH (1930)

Also called salt Satyagraha

Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12,1930

He Picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the civil Disobedience Movement

The First Round Table Conference (1930)

It was held in London on Nov 12, 1930 ,to discuss Simon Commission

Boycotted by INC . Muslim League , Hindu Mahasabha , etc .

Postponed to jan 2 , 1931 in the absence of any major political party

GANDHI IRWIN PACT

Moderate statesman , Sapru and Jayakar initiated efforts to break the ice between gandhiji and the government

The two government signed a pact on March 5, 1931

In this the INC called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to join the second round table conference

SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1931)

Lord Willington

Gandhiji represented the INC and went to London to meet British P.M. Ramsay Macdonald

Demanded full responsible government

The conference, however, failed as Gandhiji could not agree with British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald

The Conference closed on Dec 1, 1931, without any concrete result

THECOMMUNAL AWARD 1932

Announced by Ramsay McDonald. It showed divide and rule policy of the British.

Envisaged representation of Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo Indians, women and even Backward Classes.

POONA PACT 1932

Announcement of communal award and subsequent fast of Gandhiji, mass meeting took place almost everywhere

Political leaders like Madan Mohan Malviya, B.R.Ambedkar and M.C.Rajah became active

Eventually, Poona pact was reached and Gandhiji broke his fast on the sixth day

Thus Poona pact agreed upon a joint electorate for upper and lower caste

THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE (1932)

Proved fruitless as most of the national leaders were in prison

The discussion led to the passing of the Government of India Act 1935

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935

Based on Simon Commission report

Govt of India Act provided for a federal type of government
1) Act introduced provincial autonomy

2) Abolished Dyarchy in provinces

3) Made minister responsible to the legislative and Federation at the centerNote - J.L.NEHRU REMARKS – ' IT WAS A NEW CHARTER OF SLAVERY'

08/01/2018

The nature of what constitutes an Indian tribe and the very nature of tribes have changed considerably over the course of centuries. Constitution of India has recognized tribal communities in India under ‘Schedule 5’ of the constitution. Hence the tribes recognized by the Constitution are known as ‘ Scheduled Tribes’. There are around 645 distinct tribes in India.

Major Tribes in India: Arranged State-wise

Andhra Pradesh: Andh, Sadhu Andh, Bhagata, Bhil, Chenchus (Chenchawar), Gadabas, Gond, Goundu, Jatapus, Kammara, Kattunayakan, Kolawar, Kolam, Konda, Manna Dhora, Pardhan, Rona, Savaras, Dabba Yerukula, Nakkala, Dhulia, Thoti, Sugalis.
Arunachal Pradesh: Apatanis, Abor, Dafla, Galong, Momba, Sherdukpen, Singpho.
Assam: Chakma, Chutiya, Dimasa, Hajong, Garos, Khasis, Gangte.
Bihar: Asur, Baiga, Birhor, Birjia, Chero, Gond, Parhaiya, Santhals, Savar.
Chhattisgarh: Agariya, Bhaina, Bhattra, Biar, Khond, Mawasi, Nagasia.
Goa: Dhodia, Dubia, Naikda, Siddi,Varli.
Gujarat: Barda, Bamcha, Bhil, Charan, Dhodia, Gamta, Paradhi, Patelia.
Himachal Pradesh: Gaddis, Gujjars, Khas, Lamba, Lahaulas, Pangwala, Swangla.
Jammu and Kashmir: Bakarwal, Balti, Beda, Gaddi, Garra, Mon, Purigpa, Sippi.
Jharkhand: Birhors, Bhumij, Gonds, Kharia, Mundas, Santhals, Savar.
Karnataka: Adiyan, Barda, Gond, Bhil, Iruliga, Koraga, Patelia, Yerava.
Kerala: Adiyan, Arandan, Eravallan, Kurumbas, Malai arayan, Moplahs, Uralis.
Madhya Pradesh: Baigas, Bhils, Bharia, Birhors, Gonds,Katkari, kharia, Khond, Kol, Murias.
Maharashtra: Bhaina, Bhunjia, Dhodia, Katkari, Khond, Rathawa, Warlis.
Manipur: Aimol, Angami, Chiru, Kuki, Maram, Monsang, Paite, Purum, Thadou.
Meghalaya: Chakma, Garos, Hajong, Jaintias Khasis, Lakher, Pawai, Raba.
Mizoram: Chakma, Dimasa, Khasi, Kuki, Lakher, Pawai, Raba, Synteng.
Nagaland: Angami, Garo, Kachari, Kuki, Mikir, Nagas, Sema.
Odisha: Gadaba, Ghara, Kharia, Khond, Matya, Oraons, Rajuar, Santhals.
Rajasthan: Bhils, Damaria, Dhanka, Meenas(Minas), Patelia, Sahariya.
Sikkim: Bhutia, Khas, Lepchas.
Tamil Nadu: Adiyan, Aranadan, Eravallan, Irular, Kadar, Kanikar, Kotas, Todas.
Telangana: Chenchus.
Tripura: Bhil, Bhutia, Chaimal, Chakma, Halam, Khasia, Lushai, Mizel, Namte.
Uttarakhand: Bhotias, Buksa, Jannsari, Khas, Raji, Tharu.
Uttar Pradesh: Bhotia, Buksa, Jaunsari, Kol, Raji, Tharu.
West Bengal: Asur, Khond, Hajong, Ho, Parhaiya, Rabha, Santhals, Savar.
Andaman and Nicobar: Oraons, Onges, Sentinelese, Shompens.
Little Andaman: Jarawa.
North-East: Abhors, Chang, Galaong, Mishimi, Singpho, Wancho.

08/01/2018

Points to remember

Total population of Scheduled Tribes is 84,326,240 as per the Census 2001 which accounts for 8.2% of the total population of country. The share of the Scheduled Tribe population in urban areas is a meager 2.4%.
Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Karnataka are the State having larger number of Scheduled Tribes These states account for 83.2% of the total Scheduled Tribe population of the country. Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Jammu & Kashmir, Tripura, Mizoram, Bihar, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu, account for another 15.3% of the total Scheduled Tribe population. The share of the remaining states / Uts is negligible.
The scheduled Tribes in India form the largest proportion of the total population in Lakshadweep and Mizoram followed by Nagaland and Meghalaya.
Madhya Pradesh has the largest number of scheduled Tribes followed by Bihar.
Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh consists of largest number of Scheduled Tribes.
There are no Scheduled Tribes in Punjab, Delhi, Chandigarh, Pondicherry, Haryana.
In Lok Sabha there is reservation of seats for Scheduled Tribes. Here also census figures are taken into account. Allocation of seats for Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made on the basis of proportion of Scheduled Tribes in the State concerned to that of the total population, vide provision contained in Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with Section 3 of the R. P. Act, 1950.
For Scheduled Tribes, 47 seats are reserved in Lok Sabha. The 1st schedule to R. P. Act, 1950 as amended vide Representation of People (Amendment) Act , 2008 gives the Statewise break up