24/08/2026
[Creatures_Time and Order] The Twelve Guardian Figures Protecting Time
With the head of an animal, the body of a human, and adorned in elaborate armor, who could these unique figures be?
The Twelve Earthly Branches is a traditional system for marking time and direction using twelve zodiac animals: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. The zodiac animal statues represent this system as distinctive guardian figures with animal heads and human bodies.
During the Unified Silla period, there was a custom of interring small zodiac figurines in the tombs of royalty and aristocrats or having them delicately carved onto the retaining stones around the burial mounds. Serving as protectors of the deceased, these guardians were often depicted as mighty generals clad in ornately decorated armor and wielding swords.
We invite you to explore the statues along with various artifacts inspired by the Twelve Earthly Branches at the National Museum of Korea.
Zodiac Image in Bas-relief (Horse) | Unified Silla, 8th–9th century | Unified Silla Gallery | Images 2–3
Zodiac Image in Bas-relief (Hare) | Unified Silla, 8th–9th century | Unified Silla Gallery | Images 4–5
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