31/07/2019
///-Archivist Culture of Tibetans-//-/
Tibetans achieved majorly in Archivist tradition of Translation and Cataloging.
In fifth century, Thonmi sambhota invented Tibetan grammar, taking Sanskrit grammar as his model, allowing for translation of buddhist sutras. Around 8th century, In Samye monastery was established centre for systematic process of translating the scriptures and treatises. Later during reign of Tridè Songtsen, in order to perfect the the process of translation, Indian panditas and Tibetan translator undertook a reform of the Tibetan written language and established a sound tradition of translation from Sanskrit tradition.Due to this standardization, there remained a unified consistent system of translation from Sanskrit and other Indian languages into Tibetan. Many Buddhist Scholars were invited to flourish the Buddhadharma tradition and to participate in translation of numerous sutras and tantras . Over a period of thousand years many important work from Indian classical tradition was rendered into Tibetan.
In Denkarma Catalog, which was the first attempt to create a classificatory and cataloging system for Buddhist scripture in tibet, scriptures and treatises were organised into twenty seven categories with 725 individuals entries. In 9th century was created Chimpu catalog and afterward Phangthangma catalog, in which were the title of texts along with their size in Bampo(meaning ‘bunch’ used in measuring size of texts. One bampo is 300 four-lined stanzas, it was to prevent adulteration in text translated into Tibetan) and page numbers. The texts with closely related themes were grouped together. During degeneration of Buddhism, Rinchen Sangpo made to search for the Indian originals of all existing Tibetan translations and un-authentic literature translation with no Indian originals were separated and demarcation was made between Old Translations and new translations. An extensive collection of scriptures translated from sanskrit and other Indic languages along with few texts from Chinese encapsulate twin collections of Kangyur and Tengyur. 🙏