01/05/2026
Pip Williams's 'The Dictionary of Lost Words' is a historical novel set in late 19th- and early 20th-century Oxford (UK) and is told in the first-person. It is Esme who tells her story over a number of decades, starting in her childhood. With her mother deceased and no siblings, she grows up with her gentle and liberal-minded father, or “Da”, who works as a lexicographer for Dr Murray – the man in charge of making the first Oxford English Dictionary. The little garden shed in which they work is christened the “Scriptorium” - or “Scrippy” - and Esme spends most of her life in and around this place of word collection and interpretion, which to her “felt magical” as a kid:
[...] like everything that ever was and ever could be had been stored within its walls. Books were piled on every surface. Old dictionaries, histories and tales from long ago filled the shelves that separated one desk from another, or created a nook for a chair. Pigeon-holes rose from the floor to the ceiling. They were crammed full of slips, and Da once said that, if I read everyone, I'd understand the meaning of everything.” (p. 8 )
Her presence tolerated by most of the male employees, the precocious girl becomes the team's little helper-scholar and forms an intricate part of the fabric of life in the Scrippy. Sometimes words on slips are discarded, as they are considered inappropriate for inclusion in the Dictionary. Young Esme is inexplicably fascinated by them and secretly starts collecting them, storing them in a trunk hidden under the bed of Lizzie, the Murray family's servant and, in many ways, Esme's surrogate mother.
As Esme outgrows her place under the central sorting table in the little shed and becomes a young woman, her father and her aunt Edith, or “Ditte”, arrange for her to go to a girl's school in Scotland. Her time there is traumatic and an eye-opener to what life can also be like for a young woman in the late 18th century. Esme, always full of words and chatter, returns home in silence, unable to speak of the abusive behaviour she endured there. For some experiences, there is no vocabulary at hand. Luckily for her, she can return to Oxford. As her life unfolds further, her womanhood becomes increasingly defining, and it becomes clear that Williams has designed her main character's story in such a way that it allows the author to use it to tell a number of stories about women whose lives are defined by the mores and manners of the times. The novel, then, is a form of fictional history that we would nowadays label as 'her-story' (instead of 'his-story'): women's history.
Through Esme, we come to know the defiant and attention-seeking Tilda, a feminist actress and suffragette; the devout and hard-working Lizzie, who is fully aware she has but little choices in life; aunt Ditte and her sister Beth, learned spinsters fighting for women's causes under the radar; the pleasant and privileged Murray daughters, educated and active in their own ways for the woman's vote; toothless and penniless marketwoman Mabel, a street-wise survivalist full of interesting words and knowledge; and Sarah, the spade-is-a-spade woman who comes to adopt Esme's baby girl. Esme is affected by all of them and gets to know herself and her place in the world through them. They offer care, insight, friendship and sisterhood. And their talk helps her fill her trunk of slips – by recording their lexicon, she creates a dictionary of women's words – lost words. While the narrative highlights women's experiences, the novel is also peopled by male characters who help form Esme. It is interesting that only men that are supportive of women's rights are more fully developed as a character, such as her father and her future husband Gareth. Misogynists appear, but their voices are marginalised. Gareth briefly but meaningfully states in a discussion about the woman's vote: “It affects us all” (p. 292).
I have only touched upon the surface of this book. It is multi-layered, beautifully designed, and its strength lies in the immense emotional investment the reader comes to have in the characters. The book contains very little judgement. It shows with precision how the generation and/or family you grow up in to a great extent defines the choices you have. And that every choice comes with wins and losses.