It is located at a longitude of 17˚ 55” to 18˚30” N and latitude of 120˚55” to 121˚10’ E. The municipality is bounded by the following:
North = Municipality of Claveria, province of Cagayan
Northeast = Municipality of Sanchez Mira of Cagayan
Northwest = Municipality Adams, province of Ilocos Norte
South = Municipality of Kabugao, province of Apayao
Southeast = Municipality of Luna, province of
Apayao
Southwest = Municipality of Solsona, province of Ilocos Norte
East = Municipality of Luna, province of Apayao
West = Municipality of Carasi, province of Ilocos Norte
At the western and southwestern part of the municipality, the municipal boundary is delineated by a part of the Cordillera Mountain Range while at the Northern and northeastern portions starting from San Miguel, a sitio of barangay Cadongdongan which is a barangay of Sta. Tomas of Barangay Malilit-ao of Claveria, Cagayan, the boundary is delineated by boundary monuments put up by the Carteza Cadastral Survey Team which conducted the Cadastral Survey through the official act of the officials of Claveria municipality. To the heart of the municipality there is only one vehicular access road and that is the 80 km Claveria-Calanasan vehicular road. The on-going Solsona-Kabugao road which passes through barangay Butao which is one of the barangays of the municipality also provides access indirectly for visiting commuters and travelers who either come from Kabugao of from the Ilocos towns. Calanasan can also be reached from Kabuagao by the use of motor-powered flat bottom boats. Calanasan is 56 kilometers from the capital town of Kabugao, 80 kilometers away from the town of Claveria, Cagayan, 220 kms from Laoag City, 520 kms from Baguio City, and 360 kms from Tuguegarao City.