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30/11/2021

Is it possible to do pregnant women? Is it not dangerous for a child? We tell how to live and even compete during pregnancy

"Editorial: You are in the ""Health"" section - here we are talking about how to eat right, train and play sports for pleasure - and invite coaches, doctors and other specialists as experts. Today - We are talking about sports during pregnancy.

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Tennis player Serena Williams won the ""Big Helmet"" competition in 2017, being pregnant. Alicia Montano ran 800 meters at the US Championship in 2014 for 8 months of pregnancy. And the football player Alex Morgan and at all raised Giri for 9 months in 2019. And these are not the only examples. Such news is forced to think: they do not protect their children or harm sports during pregnancy - is it myth? An obstetrician-gynecologist-reproductologist of the ""European Medical Center"" Maria Mschala says.

Pregnancy is not a disease. This is natural, although a difficult process. And if pregnancy is normally proceeding, without complications, sports is not prohibited. But for each stage - in pregnancy they are called trimesters - there are limitations and recommendations. And only an obstetrician-gynecologist, leading pregnancy, can definitely say that it is from sports that can or can not a concrete woman.

Toxicosis and varicose veins: TRIMSETERS

To explain why physical exertion can be dangerous during pregnancy, you need to trace what is happening in the body of a woman at every stage.

The first trimester lasts from the first day of the last menstruation, as it is difficult to determine the day of conception difficult, until the 13th week and 6 days of pregnancy. Until the 5th week, the surnip-view occurs with an egg in the uterine tube, where the embryo is formed, which is gradually moving towards the uterus on the pipe. Only to the fifth week the embryo gets into the uterus, a fruit egg, a gusty bag and chorion is formed. Chorion is a darous structure that is formed along the edge of the fetal egg and provides a mix of embryo with the uterus.

By 12 weeks from Chorione will be formed a placenta - this is already a more reliable protection of the child. In the first trimester there is also a bookmark of all organs and systems of the child, so it is very important to be under the supervision of a doctor: he will make sure that the female body has enough of all necessary during this period so that the bodies of the authorities have passed without pathologies, and so that all drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Until the end of the first trimester, a woman can disturb the toxicosis of pregnant women - nausea and vomiting from 3-5 to 11 times a day in a serious case. This is due to the hormonal restructuring of the body and because the mother's body may initially perceive the embryo as a foreign organism.

The second trimester (14-27 weeks and 6 days of pregnancy) is the most favorable in well-being over the entire period. Because the placenta is already formed, and the child is reliably protected. At the same time, there is no longer no toxicosis and there are still no problems of the third trimester.

In the third trimester (from 28 weeks before delivery) the body of a woman is gaining weight, and this in itself imposes restrictions on physical activity. Due to the extra weight, the center of gravity is shifted (from here and a characteristic walking of pregnant women). The volume of circulating blood increases, and even with the normal course of pregnancy, the kidneys may not cope with such a volume of fluid, which can lead to edema. Dyspnea may appear, pressure grows. Also during this period, varicose veins may be aggravated, because the load on venous vessels is enhanced due to an increase in blood flow.

Detachment and tone: how sports can affect pregnancy

In the first trimester, the risk of miscarriage is the most great, because the chorion is not so tightly attached to the walls of the uterus as a placenta. From shocks or blows, drops (during sports or in domestic situations), chorion can be detached from the walls of the uterus. The placenta can also be detached from the uterus - on any period of pregnancy, - but it is in the first trimester that this risk is the highest.

The outcome depends on the degree of detachment and its place. Through the placenta, the child receives all the necessary nutrients from the mother's body along with blood flow - including oxygen. In the place of detachment is formed by hematoma. If the percentage of the detachment is small, after a few months with due therapy, the hematoma is absorbed, and then the placenta is formed normally, and the child gets everything necessary for development in full.

With a higher percentage of detachment, hospitalization is required to hospital and long-term treatment. In the most difficult cases, the threat of abortion is created. In any case, if there was a fact of detachment, then further restriction of physical activity is recommended.

If it does not correct the disorders that arise during the placenta detachment, this may lead to a delay in the growth of the fetus. The symptoms of the placenta detachment may be painful pain at the bottom of the abdomen, uterine bleeding. The diagnosis can be confirmed only with ultrasound.

Due to the risk of the placenta detachment, it is necessary to avoid activity related to the likelihood of falls, shocks - especially in the first trimester. Therefore, extreme sports and all directions where additional equipment is used (skiing, skates, even a bicycle) are not recommended for obstetrician-gynecologists throughout the pregnancy.

Even if a woman rode a bike before pregnancy and never fell, during pregnancy, the risk of falls above is due to the increased body weight, the bias of the center of gravity, and also due to the action of the progesterone hormone. This is the main - ""ruling"", as obstetrics say, - a hormone of pregnancy. In addition to the fact that it has a soothing and anesthetic effect on the body, progesterone also reduces the speed of the reaction and causes drowsiness.

The second important risk of physical activity during pregnancy is the uterus tone. The uterus is a muscular organ. When she is in a tone, her muscles are overloaded and reduced. At this moment, the woman can feel pulling or spastic pain at the bottom of the abdomen. And since the placenta is not a muscular organ and cannot be cut down after the uterus, then the risk of the dye popsage.

All exercises can be given to the sundus of the uterus, where the muscles of the press and the abdominal nose are involved: press, squats, pushups, jumping, lifting weight and plank. Therefore, these exercises are also contraindicated during pregnancy.

And then you can do during pregnancy?

Complications of pregnancy, which are contraindicated to sports / fitness classes: Tone of the uterus, shortening of the cervix, bleeding, the presence of the placenta (this is when it is located at the outlet of the uterus and can subside), toxicosis, arterial hypertension, swelling, the presence of a protein in the urine, and Also, the aggravation of chronic diseases in which physical exertion is prohibited or limited.

In other cases, if the pregnancy is normally proceeding, you can adhere to the usual level of activity at the amateur level, limiting jumping, falling and load on the press and lower abdomen.

In the first trimester, yoga is recommended, running - moderate running in the park, not a marathon.

The second trimester is the most favorable period of pregnancy, when the extension of physical exertion is possible. Moderate running loads, walks, yoga are preserved. It is recommended to swim to strengthen the muscles of the back. Possible loads in the gym - mainly on the back and the upper shoulder belt, are not prohibited by gentle loads on the press, if there is no uterus tone. At the same time, of course, it is advisable to consult with the coach about permissible exercises, taking into account pregnancy.

In the third trimester, it is no longer recommended running, because shortness of breath may even be in normal pregnancy. Walking, yoga classes, swimming. From this point on, it's time to start exercises for direct training for labor activities: breathing exercises and fitbol exercises and other exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic bottom (perineum), for example, Kegel exercises. All this is in special training courses for childbirth.

And what about professional athletes - they can continue to train and act?

Professionals, as a rule, are recommended to reduce the load halvery, notes Georgy MSKhaya, the endocrinologist of the ""European Medical Center"". The fact is that the superload, among other things, also hormonal changes that increase risks during pregnancy can also cause.

And it does not matter whether intensive workouts three times a day or the delivery of the annual report with work at night - the body is experiencing the same stress. In this case, the emission of adrenal hormones (cortisol, adrenaline, norepinenaline) is released, this may cause a narrowing of vessels, as a consequence - disruption of uterine-placental blood flow, which can lead to a violation of the development of the fetus.

Sometimes athletes do not want to stop training and participate in competitions, despite the pregnancy. They can be understood, because sport for them is a familiar lifestyle, and if you refuse it for the entire period of pregnancy, it can lead to a deterioration in mood and stress. Therefore, if pregnancy proceeds normally, without complications, then there is no direct ban on sports. In this case, the athlete is prescribed supporting therapy to minimize the risks of hypertonus, miscarriage.

However, doctors always warn that the continuation of the former activity in any case will increase the risks of the child's loss and can cause complications of pregnancy. And in this case, it is necessary to constant ultrasound control after the competition. It is possible to participate in competitions, but it is unlikely to be records, Maria Massala notes. That was how it was in the case of Alicia Montano, which ran 800 meters for 8 months of pregnancy and came the last. In this case, the main part, and not a victory.

However, there is the opposite view that some athletes can use pregnancy as doping. Indeed, the level of androgen during pregnancy increases 4 times compared to the original. Androgens are the same anabolic steroids that are prohibited by doping control. But do not forget that in addition to raising the level of these hormones, the level of progesterone is growing, and this drowsiness, weakness, less concentration. And if it is also accompanied by toxicosis, then such ""dope"" becomes even more dubious, said Maria Mshala.

More about training, nutrition, sports medicine and sports as a lesson - in the ""Health"" section

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Photo: gettyimages.ru/ezra Shaw, Theo Wargo, Andy Lyons; pexels.com/jessica Monte; unsplash.com/lucas Favre, Cassidy Rowell"

26/11/2021

What to do with small injuries in amateur sports? How to understand that it is time for a doctor? What are the symptoms to pay attention to to avoid serious injuries?

"A sports doctor will answer your questions.

Editorial: You are in the ""Health"" section - here we are talking about how to eat, train and play sports for pleasure - and invite coaches, doctors and other specialists as experts, so that they answer your questions. Discuss sports injuries, methods of their treatment and prevention We invited the author of the best blog 2019 on, Artem Man's sports doctor.

Artem graduated from the University of Siechen in 2019, after which he stayed there at the Department of Medical Physical Culture, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation. He worked in the Beach Football CSKA and the Locomotive Academy, and now as a blogger doctor works in the team of bloggers ""Amkal"". Artem has long been blogging on our website and telegrams-channel about sports medicine in football.

In the comments, you can ask questions about:

- diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system;

- the most common injuries in football, professional and amateur;

- cases when it is necessary to run to the doctor immediately, and when it is worth waiting;

- the work of a sports doctor in teams and academies;

- Nutrition of athletes and lovers.

We will collect your questions until evening on June 2, after which Artem will answer the most interesting.

UPD: And here is the answers! Read the article:

Where to treat sports injuries? Can the injury itself go through and how to quickly start training? Answers sports doctor to your questions"

22/11/2021

We disassemble myths about Sakharoznestems: health, slimming, disease protection

"The sugar substitute is an additive that gives food sweet taste, but in contrast to sugar contains significantly less (or zero) calories. Sweeteners can be obtained from plant extracts (Agava nectar, coconut palm, dates, maple syrup) or created by chemical synthesis (xylitol, erythritol). Does this mean that sugar substitutes are good for health? Is it possible to lose weight with them? Let's analyze the most common myths.

Myth 1. Sakharoz submits are good for health

The essence of the myth: Once the sweeteners contain less calories and some of them are obtained directly from fruit extracts, they will be useful for the body. In fact, it is not.

In 2019, a group of scientists analyzed 56 previously conducted studies to find out how the use of sacharo-substitutes affects human health.

As a result, it was noted that for adult sugar replacement for sweeteners led to a minor reduction in blood sugar levels (0.16 mmol / l). In the case of the parameters of health as the state of the teeth and the oral cavity, cardiovascular diseases, kidney disease, mood and behavior, the use of sugar substitutes instead of traditional sugar did not have any advantages.

Myth 2. Sakharoz submits help to lose weight

The essence of myth: because in sweeteners less (or no) calories, then they are perfect for a slimming program. And this is also self-deception.

In the same study, 2019, it was noted that for adults, the replacement of sugar on sweeteners led to a minor decrease in body mass index (only 0.6 kg / m2). BMI is calculated as the ratio of body weight to the square of growth. In accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the Normal is considered to be BMI from 18.5 to 24.9. The indicator greater than 30 is considered obesity.

The effectiveness of a dieting based on artificial sweeteners was not proven even for adults and abuse or obesity - BMI decreased by 0.15 kg / m2, and weight of 0.6 kg.

Moreover, a study published in the magazine ""Cell metabolism"", 2016 has proven that the use of artificial sugar substitutes (for example, sucralose) led to overeating. This is due to the fact that people have an improper assessment of the calorie content of the diet - instead of sugar, they begin to eat the released place by other products.

Another job, published in the ""Magazine of the Canadian Medical Association"", showed a minor (only 0.37 points) a decrease in the NAMT at a sample of 400 thousand patients.

Myth 3. Sakharoz submits reduce the likelihood of cancer

The essence of the myth: Some believe that since we replace sugar substitutes, the stabilization of the blood glucose level will reduce the likelihood of some forms of cancer. Not really.

Two studies published in the ""Food Magazine"" and in the International Clinical Practice Journal showed that there is no evidence of the positive influence of sharac substitutes for cancer prevention (larynx, urinary tract, lymphoma, myeloma, leukemia).

Moreover, the review of scientific works showed that sweeteners also do not bear significant benefits for people with diabetes or hypertension.

Myth 4. Sakharo-substitutes change the metabolism

The essence of myth: since we cease to eat sugar, then our metabolism changes, including insulin production. Again by.

Study of 2015, published in the magazine ""Physiology and Behavior,"" showed that even the use of zero calories (stevia, erythritol) sacrarothels does not affect the metabolism, although it allows you to regulate blood sugar levels, which is particularly relevant for people with diabetes. However, the general diet of the power supply is much more important for metabolism than the replacement of sugar to sweeteners.

Conclusion: Sakharoznestems are not good and not bad. Sweeteners with zero calorie helps people with diabetes get a sweet taste without a threat to health. They also allow to reduce the calorie content of some products and beverages, minimizing the negative effect of large sugar doses. However, the sacrarotiments themselves are not beneficial for the body and will not allow you to lose weight until you normalize the diet.

Photo: pexels.com/suzy Hazelwood, Pixabay, Mali Maeder; unsplash.com/all go."

21/11/2021

Rest in Altai in the summer: what to do to relax and feel. Traveler advice

"Mountain Altai is a unique place that perfectly combines tourist recreation and recovery. Mountains and rivers, beautiful sights, procedures and fresh Altai air - this is what the guests are here.

If you want to know more about the rest in Altai, subscribe to the newsletter and get only the most useful content, as well as special offers and transfer for rest with a discount [email protected]

Altai in summer: climate uniqueness, variety of activities of entertainment, not found in any region of the country

Mountain Altai is part of the UNESCO World Heritage, which attracts the uniqueness of nature, the originality and the painfulness of the ""Roerich"" landscapes.

Altai is a gigantic unique monument of the nature of Russia, the sacred territory, full of spiritual and cultural aura, part of the world watershed. High-Energy Wednesday Altai (by N.K. Roerich) is the rarest natural phenomenon that allows you to put it next to the Himalayas.

The Altai Republic is located in the southeastern part of Western Siberia. Territory relief is very complex. Absolute heights fluctuate from 250 m in the north (foothills) to 4500 m in the south (Katun ridge). As you move from north to south and northwest to the south-east, the heights and vertical dismemberment of the relief increase.

The climate of the mountain altai is less continentile than on neighboring plains of Siberia, in the summer he acts as a cooler island among the heated steppe plains. The mountains surrounding the Chemale on all sides has a significant impact on climate formation. The climate of the Chealle Valley is moderately continental, which manifests itself in a fairly warm summer.

In the warm period, the influx of solar energy increases sharply, the Asian anticyclone is destroyed, cyclonic activity, but the cyclone paths are shifted to the north. There is a purely mechanical effect of mountains on their move. Therefore, the number of cyclones over the Altai, compared with the adjacent Western Siberian lowland, is reduced.

Summer here lasts from the second decade of May to the second decade of September. The average temperature of July is 18.2 degrees, maximum marks rise to 39.0 degrees. Sunny days in summer (56% per month) are most often warm or comfortable, rigorous, sometimes hot and stuffy. Cloudy days are usually cool and less often cold with precipitation. Summer rains are usually accompanied by thunderstorms. The nature of the dynamics of summer weather causes warm, moderately dry summer with abundant rain rains, frequent thunderstorms, with relatively weak winds.

Weather-climatic conditions allow you to carry out the entire complex of climathedral procedures in the air.

According to assessing the quality of bioclimatic resources of the Tomsk Research Institute of Spaceology and Physiotherapy, the Republic of Altai is considered a terrain of particularly favorable for sanatorium-resort treatment, that is, for health tourism.

Altai State Natural Reserve, Katuna Biosphere Reserve, Natural Park Ukok, Natural Park Ak-Cholushpa, Lake Tetski, Skalskaya HPP, Petroglyph Park Beau-Boom, Orochaty Bridge, Church of the Fatal Spirit, Nicholas Wonderworker Challenge Nika, Petroglyphs of Kalbak-Tash and other attractions that need to be visited.

Altai has a unique natural potential for sports tourism: mountaineering, speleotourism, rafting and kayaking, quad bike riding, rock climbing, trekking, horseback and cycling. No matter what someone likes is a spa relax, cognitive excursions or outdoor activities - be sure: summer holidays in Altai will not leave you without incredible emotions, vivid impressions and memories.

Lifehaki from tourists: how to get there, what travel routes to choose

From Moscow

By plane from Domodedovo or Sheremetyevo. This way of travel is the most rational and allows for 4-5 hours to overcome a long distance of 3000 km.

From Saint-Petersburg

By plane. Direct flights from Pulkova to Gorno-Altaisk are airlines: Nordwind Airlines, Victory, S7 Airlines, Aeroflot. This way of travel is the most rational and allows for 7-8 hours to overcome a long distance of 3456 km. Also, airlines are offered to fly direct flight to Barnaul, and then ride by bus or taxi.

From Yekaterinburg

The only airport is located in Gorno-Altaisk. From Yekaterinburg, you can get a direct flight.

Also direct flights to the Altai Republic can fly from Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk and Kazan.

In which areas to choose a resting place:

Maymin district;

Chealky district;

Choy district;

Turochaksky district;

Ongudai district;

Ulagan district;

Kosh-Agach district.

Than in the summer to do in Altai

Improvement;

excursions;

Mountain rods or multi-day trips;

alloys;

horseback riding;

rest on the banks of the rivers or lakes;

fishing;

Collection of berries.

During the summer travel, it is necessary to see: the Katun River, Seminist Pass, Uch-Enmek, Pass Chiik Taman, Ilgumen Threshold, Merge of the Chii and Katun River, Petroglyphs Kalbak-Tash, Adyr-Kan, Pass Achik, Shirlak's waterfall, Red Gate, Ulagan Lakes, Valley of the River Chulshman, Passage Katu-Yaryk, Geyser Lake, Kurayan and Chui Steppe, Jumal Keys, the Valley of the Youstda River. Mountain Altai Mountain Places: Mount Belukha, Vlaper Valley, Lake Akkele, Mountain Spirits Lake, Plateau Ukok, Kucheral Lake.

Ecological resort ""Marin Island"": the place that was noted in Forbes and which is necessarily in the check list of visits

According to Forbes magazine, the Ecological Resort ""Marin Island"" is part of the 19th Main Wellness Centers of the Planet.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvlabggdj7g

""Maryn Island"" is located on the shore of the mountain river at an altitude of 440 m above sea level. In the vicinity of the ecological resort ""Maryn Island"" - a wellness microclimate, healing air and a rare combination of energy zones, whose action can be felt on themselves. In the summer, the territory of the park with well-kept lawns, flower beds, ribbons of tracks and alleys, viewing platforms over the mountain river is a great place to treat, relax, sports. The natural factors of health resorts with elements of aeroionoffotherapy (use of air saturated with plants essential oils, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, antispasmodic, desensitizing effects) have a beneficial effect on the organism of the holidaymakers. For physical education and recreational activities, a medical center ""longevity"", hydrothermal complex ""5 elements"", sports grounds are organized, playgrounds for climathedral procedures. In the northern part of the resort, a terrenkur is broken with a rise to one of the tops of the surrounding mountains, a height of about 800 m above sea level as an element of natural hypoxyterapics and healing physical culture with three routes by the degree of load on the body.

The main component of climate-resortwork potential is light resources. The maximum number of solar shine hours falls on May-July (230-240 hours), which creates light conditions favorable for climate treatment.

Regular walks, excursions, gymnastics have a beneficial effect on the nervous, respiratory and cardiovascular system, to the digestion organs, have a stuffing and training effect on the whole organism as a whole.

Thus, the assessment of the quality of bioclimatic resources shows that the Ecological resort ""Marin Island"" in its landscape-climatic features (abundance of solar radiance, the optimal mode of UV radiation, with a weakly pronounced biotrophility and a sufficient degree of weather comfort) is a favorable area for organizing various Forms of climature and recreation, allowing to organize recreational health tours of seasonal and year-round action here, where the climate and the factor of the lowland (natural hypoxytherapy) are not only the background, but also an independent effective method of treatment.

Rest in Altai in the summer is a real holiday for the soul and body. Here you can improve health, take a walk in the mountains and forests, try the traditional Altai cuisine and feel all flavoring Altai, restore strength, energy and psycho-emotional state. Altai Mountains and an excellent ecological resort ""Maryn Island"" - what will help restore your strength and energy!"

17/11/2021

How to choose the first highway? What does it differ from similar bicycles? What is the price?

"Basic knowledge for those who recently began searching.

In the world of bicycles, Highcasties - Ferrari in the ranks of classic cars. Fast, elegant aliens from professional sports. It would seem why they are those who do not plan to try on a yellow shirt leader Tour de France?

Over the past decade, a serious sport for athletes launched roots in the amateur direction. Mass cycling races like Granfondo came to different cities of Russia. The spontaneously organize amateur trips and burdens with super mounted qualifications, like Paris-Brest-Paris, and the triathlon lit a heart not one novice athlete. Perhaps typical Russian roads and high-speed turns - a combination of harmful, but reinstalled the Shoesaine is becoming more and more.

Highway bike (Highcastyer, Sherosser), following the name, created for driving along the highway. It can be found in a short frame, Roule ""Barium Rog"", thin and narrow wheels. The highway bike is ideal for smooth asphalt coating and can accelerate up to high speeds, but not friends with off-road. If you love not only the counter wind and adrenaline, but also the forest paths or, on the contrary, more often drive around the city, it is better to choose other models - we will tell about them below.

Simewly, cyclocross is designed for a racing discipline ""Cyclocross"" and riding around the terrain with natural obstacles - bodies, pits, roots of trees. It is more maneuverable and accurately controlled, because it must be seized with mud and soil, has a tire with an aggressive protector and sometimes - additional brake handles at the top of the wheel-ram. Some models can be found in the characteristic bending of the top pipe so that the bike is convenient to carry on the shoulder through the fallen trees and the piva. In fact, the cyclocross bike adapts for highway racing, changing tires with a strengthened tread on the slop. A compromise option for the area, not spoiled by smooth roads.

Gravel (Gravel) is a relative of the cyclocross, born for country roads and periodic raids on the asphalt. Something between the Sherosser and MTB on the measurements of the steering glass, carriages, wheelbase. Signs: Hardtail, Roule-Baran, ""Evil"" Tires and unlike other ""fellow"" more straight and convenient landing. The plug can be both direct and depreciation. The gravel is often provided with a large number of fixtures for various bags and baewly for long-lasting movements. Cool companion for rustic walks on a flat soil (in Finland, for example, such roads are laid in the forests).

The hybrid took a little bit from ""parents"" - highway and mountain bikes. A compromise version instead of buying two bicycles is naturally inferior in speed racing and comfortless. Instead of the ""Baran"", he has a direct crate steering wheel, a rigid (tough) fork, a higher and less sports landing, often - wings and trunk (in description it can sometimes be confused with vintage steel MTB, but visually this is a completely different bike). The hybrid is suitable for a daily ride and - a little worse - for tourism.

Due to the fact that triathlon and other single races became popular, appropriate bicycles appeared in the stores. The entire design of the cutting bike declares the maximum aerodynamics, which the highway is inferior: narrower, elongated pipes, the steering wheel with the airbar (sunbed), followed by the cyclist, does not particularly resist the oncoming air, spectacular wheels with high rims and carbon disks. Triathlon and chopping (for a time-trial, tt-races with a separate start) bicycles are suitable for the competition.

And what if you remove the speed and brake switches from the highway? It sounds frighteningly, but those were the first bicycles, even before the highway - light, deprived of body bikes and brakes track bikes. They are designed for a bicycle room - closed room with a highway in the form of an oval closed ring (track), with a wooden coating, constant conditions of temperature and humidity. The task of the track bike is to be the most aerodynamic and light, so ""unnecessary"" switches of speed and brakes are removed from it. Manufacturers are fighting for each gram with new materials and technologies. For example, the Cycling Australia team engineers for the Argon 18 Electron Pro model to the Tokyo 2020 Olympics came up with a ultralight steering wheel, which is printed on a 3D printer from titanium.

In general, the track bike you need if you ride on the track.

Separate fashionists chase on track bikes - fixes, in the city. Insecure both Fixer and other people, but the wave of popularity is still growing - some manufacturers will present budget models that look like a hipster. A similar bike is a single-speed urban (singlespid) or with a planetary sleeve (transmission is switched inside the rear wheel sleeve).

If the urban element is close, look at the trend on bicycles-commutors. Competitions - riding on a large city with household targets: Miliate traffic jams from work, have time to meet at a cafe, pick up the parcel from the point of self-delivery, impressive blossom of tulips in the park at the other end of the city. This is not a separate class of highways, but a way to use a bike (although individual manufacturers produce a series or model of the same name). It can be both highcasts and touring, singles and even folding bikes.

Now check yourself in a visual test: Do you all remember right?

How is the Highcastyer? Select by parameters: frame, wheels, group

The most prominent part of the bike is the frame. It is done: from steel - heavy, but spring material. Rare raw materials for a racing model, deserved retro.

Budget shops are often equipped with an aluminum frame. It is easier steel, the main plus is maintainability.

Carbon is the most progressive and lightweight material. Bicycles from carbon is the most expensive. His advantage in adaptability - can be ""set up"" to in the place where rigidity is needed, it was tough, and in the other - elastic and spring. It is important that in the production of the framework technologies, therefore, it is more careful with the nou-neim producers from Asia.

Highcasties of the middle and top level will most likely be a carboxyment frame. Highcasty fork is most often carboxy, even if the aluminum frame. A carbon plug is more pleasant in Catania and extinguish unpleasant vibrations for hands from road irregularities.

Wheels are clinchers, pipe and prepared for non-chamber tires. The difference primarily in how the rim will be arranged. Let's figure it out.

1. The tube is the oldest type of tires, which is now almost not used - only on bikes produced by the 1990s, which have old rims. The tube is a hermetic chamber with an anti-precipolny layer and a tread that is glued with special glue to the rim. The tubes are withstanding a very high pressure (15 atm), which provides excellent rolls. The main disadvantage - in the case of a puncture, repair the tube is extremely difficult (to do it on the highway, away from the house, is simply impossible). Therefore, it is worth using tubes only on old rims, leave

2. Cleancircle tire is a tire inside which is hiding a thin camera. The rim of the wheels is equipped with sides, for which the tire ""clings"". When pumping the wheels, air enters the chamber, it increases and cuts the tire from the inside (on average up to 9 atm). Kringscher durable and practical. They cost almost all modern bikes.

Tubes are not suitable for clinchers and vice versa. There are still clinchers - they are not glued to the rim, but cling to the clincher, but do not have a separate chamber. They have the same rut, as tube (withstand 12 atm pressure), do not require a separate set of wheels.

3. The Cameless Tire - Looks Just like a clinic tire, but is used without a camera. Our reader Vitaly Lyapkov says: ""For them, they need a special set of wheels: Tubeless ready rim, ni***es and rim tape, as well as a sealant, which is poured right into the tire to seal the entire system. The main advantages: Small punctures are sealed by themselves with a flowing and frozen sealant, the wheel is almost impossible to ""break"" about the curb or a bodily, can be rolled at lower pressure. Cons: harder to pump and maintain at home. ""

Wheel rims make aluminum and carbon, with low, medium and high profile - the higher the rim profile, the aerodynamic. The most expensive wheels - with carbon rims and a 6-8 profile height. They are effective on races - group, with separate starts or triathlon. On the rear wheel sometimes put a disc - it gives an advantage at speeds above 40 km / h. Because of its sail, such wheels prohibit at competitions in terrain with strong winds - for example, at the Ironman World Championships in Kon.

Hinged equipment (or group) - the driving force of the bike: speed switches, brake system, tapes, bushings, pedals, cassettes, rod and transmission. The most popular manufacturers are Japanese Shimano and American Sram. They make equipment for a different professional level and budget: from the newcomer to the ultrafruited. For example, take the classification of Shimano - for Europe more common.

Entry-level equipment (Shimano Claris, Sora and a little higher - Tiagra) is suitable for the first highway, works well only in clean and lubricated form.

The average level is an amateur sports (Shimano 105) resistant to dust and dirt, confidently tolerates medium loads. The system is lightweight, reliable, compromise in terms of cost and, probably, the most popular among serious amateurs athletes.

SHIMANO ULTEGRA (SHIMANO ULTEGRA) is very reliable, works in almost any weather conditions and severe pollution, perfectly withstands high loads in the heat of competition.

Professional Level (Shimano Dura Ace) collects top technology, for example, electronic gear shift. High class, high cost and maximum pleasure in racing mode!

The optimal version of the brakes for the highway - the question is infinitely discussion. Disk adds to cost and weight, but are very effective during rain and unpredictable weather - it is easier to mention, it is better to brake. Wise or ticks are easier and simplestly constructively, but are considered obsolete and controversial. It is still still on the highway, although they practically came out of the equipment of other categories.

If you want an excellent highway and do not intend to save much, but at the same time overpay for the brand there is no desire, focus on two indicators - carbon frame and group of mechanics 105-Ultegra.

Size matters

To choose the right size of the frame, you need to select multiple bicycle models that you want to buy. Then go to the site to manufacturers and watch the dimensional grid of all brands. Some brands indicate the size of the letters - S, M, L. Others use numbers that are equal to the distance in centimeters from the axis of the seat pipe to the axis of the steering column: 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58.

On the manufacturers sites, the growth range is usually indicated, which is suitable for each framework. But these ranges may differ: a person with an increase of 180 cm in one brand is 54 cm with a size of 54 cm, and another - 55 or 56. It's all in geometry - there are several parameters on which the choice depends on. Therefore, the most reliable is to use the recommendations of the manufacturers.

Professional cyclists often choose Rostovka at 1 size less than needed, and put longer removal so that the frame is more compact and manageable.

Please note: there are female models of highway (if the manufacturer decides this) - they are even smaller in size, have another geometry. There are differences even in the complete set of a finished bike - carrying the steering wheel, the height of the saddle and the length of the rods will be shorter.

If you are configured to spend a lot of time in the saddle (participate in races, roll brows between cities), it is reasonable to make bikefit - set up a fit for comfort and aerodynamicity, adjust the bike to the features of the figure (weight, flexibility) and goals (for example, you need to re-fit a highway bike If you put a sun bed for triathlon).

The service is available in advanced workshops (in Moscow you can find several studios in Krylatsky). Just do not forget to stock up 15-20 thousand, comfort is a lot.

If possible, take the selected bicycle model for rent - you can restrict a couple of days or take for a whole week. During the trip, fix that where it hurts, whether the saddle (alas, the Sewer's saddle does not look like a chair), whether the spin, shoulders, hands are pushing.

Space speeds, and prices?

When you open the world of highway cycling, a variety of models is discouraged! Not less than price tags. Actually, to understand why one worth a hundred thousand, and the second is a million, at first glance it is difficult - they are all cool. If you choose the first model, then the task is to get acquainted with the road bicycle, understand what moments do you like and what is critical - maybe weight, ease of gear, maneuverability or even color? The debut highway can be quite budget, if you know what you can save, and what kind of savings can turn into expensive repairs.

The starting cost of high-quality high-level highway: from 50 thousand rubles.

Most of the cost of the bicycle makes attachments. Consider budgetary groups such as Sora or Tiagra. Increasing the level of mechanics sharply increases the cost, but not so sharply affects the progress in Catania - new nuances of switching speeds appear, not obvious newcomers.

Points of struggle for weight and increase value: Frame, ""sticks"" - sent, steering wheel, removal and pair of wheels - Wilset. The easier, the more expensive.

If you do not chase the winning seconds on races, you can consider a bike from aluminum, and not carbon. Modern models weigh slightly more and deocratic in value. If the frame from carbon can still be patched in the workshop, then the carboxylic wheels and ""sticks"" are not reanimated, which entails additional spending.

Budget series There are brands such as Merida, Format, Forward, Cube, Focus, Giant, Orbea and other manufacturers.

Thoughtful savings: order bike from abroad. This is a common practice: by mail come several boxes, which by manipulations turn into a finished bike. But there are risks: maybe it may not come to the Rostovka, to assemble and correctly set up the bike is also not easy (it is better to give in service). You can accurately buy separate components for the bike - they are in diversity are presented in European stores for cyclic sports, such as Wiggle, Chain Reaction Cycles and Bike24.

Will you buy a bike? You can save on the purchase of such a highway, but you definitely do not recognize the degree of ""killness"" and how much will you have to invest in the repair. Used bicycles from Europe are attractive prices, but often sites on which they sell them is just a warehouse of stolen bikes. Look for a reliable store.

It makes sense to buy an entry-level highway, and not to save on dear and new to work out the technique of an effective ride. At the same time, let's go and look at - and are you ready for a long novel with a highway?

And some applications for a bike?

Cyclists are scrupulous people who are ready for any ways to minimize the weight of the bike. The classic highcasts usually do not put wings (as an exception, admire this minimalist mudguard), even the cataphoths (the price of 50 grams!). From consumables, the winding may need - a polyurethane tape that turns around the steering wheel. She quit a little shaking, on her hands sweat less and do not slide.

Before the selection, decide on the targets: ride only around the city or cyclers, participate in races or triathlon, will be off-road and what. Make a test trip or take a bike for a couple of days for rent - not the one you are going to buy, and any highway suitable Rostovka is helping to understand what you need from your bike.

You will have to spend a lot of time in the saddle, and it is important that the bike is so comfortable to not notice. Even the expensive bike will not fix the situation, if not suitable in size. The correctly chosen and tuned bike affects the sensations from pedaling and the efficiency of movement - with such you are going on, you increase the speed, are cooler implemented at competitions.

Health bike: how to train, eat and drive

More about training, nutrition, sports medicine and sports as a lesson - in the ""Health"" section

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