Kharkiv is founded in 1654. The population is about 1.5 million people. (1446.5 Thousand people on 01.01.2011). Kharkiv is located in north-eastern part of Ukraine on the border of two landscape zones - forest-steppe and steppe - near the confluence of the rivers Lopan, Uda, and Kharkiv. Its territory is a hilly plain - more than half the total area of the city is located on the sites altitude of
100 m above sea level. Kharkiv Rivers and their tributaries are shallow and not navigable. Kharkov stretches from north to south at 24 km from east to west at 25 km, occupying an area of about 306 square km. It has more than 2,500 pamphlets, streets, lanes and squares. The climate in Kharkov is moderately continental. In winter, the weather is changeable: frosts alternate with the thaw. The average annual temperature is +7,5 º C. The coldest month is January: -7 º C, but it is -15 and even -30 º C. Summer is hot, the hottest month is July, average temperature +21 º C. In June and July, heaviest precipitation is falls, but, despite this summer in Kharkov is very comfortable: its beautiful parks, gardens, fountains, lots of outdoor cafes. The modern city is divided into 9 administrative districts: Dzerzhinskiy, Octyaberskiy, Kievskiy, Kominternovskiy, Leninskiy, Moscowskiy, Ordzhonikidzeskiy, Frunzeskiy, Chervonozavodskiy. Different parts of the city, mostly in the suburbs, are also retained the historical and informal names (for example, Alekseyevka, Pavlovo Pole, Pomerki, Sokolniki, Saltovka, Zhuravlevka, Ivanovka, Honcharivka, Luysaya Gora, Kholodnaya Gora and others).Due to its convenient geographical position, Kharkiv for centuries expanded its economic strength and developed a system of transport communications. Today it is a very major transportation hub: the important railway lines and highways leading to the Donbass, the Crimea, the Caucasus, to the ports of the Black, Azov and Baltic seas, many of the largest industrial centers are located outside of Ukraine. The highways pass through the Kharkiv M-03 (Kyiv - Kharkiv - Dolzhanskiy), M-26 (Kharkiv - Simferopol - Sevastopol), M-27 (Kharkov - Scherbakovka). Kharkiv is a large industrial center of Ukraine. The basis of the productive capacity of the enterprise is high-tech industries: power engineering, electrical engineering, transport and agriculture engineering, instrumentation, electronics, aerospace. Production of many of Kharkiv enterprises is known on the world market, including high technology, such as modern tanks, aircraft and turbines. Kharkov is the second largest in Ukraine on scientific and educational potential. In an average year over 33 thousand experts are being prepared, which ensures a high level of manpower in the region. It is the first time in Kharkov in Europe the atom was split, the nature of superconductivity was studied, the largest radio telescope was created, a framework of the theory of oscillations in the plasma, the scattering of slow neutrons in crystals were developed,. There were established many scientific schools. The works of L. Landau, N. Barabashova, A. Walter, A. Palladin are received International recognition. Kharkiv is a city with rich cultural traditions. There are 6 major theaters: the Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre of N. Lysenko, the Ukrainian Drama Theatre of T. Shevchenko, the Russian Drama Theatre of A. Pushkin, the Theater of Musical Comedy, the Theatre for Children and Youth, the puppet theater. In addition, there are a lot of theater groups, theaters studios and amateur theaters. Kharkov boasts a large number of museums, concert halls (including the Hall of Organ and Chamber Music). The city has a lot of libraries. There are more than 6.5 million books and periodicals in funds of the State Scientific Library of Korolenko, among which are rare and unique. The Kharkov regional philharmonic society holds Great job of organizing concerts and promotion of musical art. The circus, zoo, dolphin are popular among residents and visitors alike enjoy. Kharkiv is sports city. There are all conditions for sports and education of future masters and champions. There are 19 stadiums, 850 sports fields, 363 gyms, 19 pools, 40 tennis courts, and the golf club. Kharkov is a proud football team «Metalist» and the volleyball team «Lokomotiv». The names of many of Kharkovites forever inscribed in the history of the world of sports. This is a double Olympic champion Rustam Sharipov (gymnastics), Ludmila Dzhigalova (athletics), Yuri Poyarkov (volleyball), Olympic champions Maria Gorohovskaya (gymnastics), Igor Fisherman (weightlifting), Basil Matushevich, Yuri Vengerovsky (volleyball), Alex Barkalov (water polo), Igor Tselovalnikov, Vladimir Movchan (cycling), Yana Klochkova (swimming). The Ukrainian and Russian culture are equally near and dear for Kharkovites. This is a historical accident: more than three centuries ago this land was inhabited by immigrants from Russia and the Right-Bank Ukraine. Official language of the country is Ukrainian, but the mother tongue of most residents of Kharkov is Russian, and Ukrainian, so they are still used in everyday life. Kharkiv is a cosmopolitan city: Ukrainian and Russian, Poles and Jews, Germans, Armenians, Bulgarians, Tatars, Belarusians and the Greeks, Gypsies, and Latvians, representatives of other nations in Europe and Asia are lived here since ancient times. Today in the town, there are 50 national-cultural associations, acting Catholic and Protestant churches, synagogues, mosques, houses of worship of other faiths, there are 15 schools with in-depth study of national cultures. The uniqueness of Kharkov is that throughout its history there was not a single major clash between the residents on national, racial or religious grounds. A traditional hospitality to the guests, wherever they came features Residents of the city. Coming here you will find sincere and warm welcome, see the town that will amaze you with a variety of architectural styles, traditions and ideas, and have a good rest.
