Redwood Coast Tsunami Work Group, Arcata, CA (2026)

05/31/2026

Not My Fault in today's Times-Standard (5/31/26)
August Landslide Tsunami in Alaska ranks as the second highest of all time
Lori Dengler for the Times-Standard
Posted May 30, 2026
https://www.times-standard.com/2026/05/30/lori-dengler-august-landslide-sunami-in-alaska-ranks-as-the-second-highest-of-all-time/
Image: Air photo of Tracy Arm, a glacial fjord in Southeastern Alaska, showing the exposed scarp of the August 10, 2025, landslide and the barren hillside on the opposite side of the valley where the tsunami surge removed trees and other vegetation (USGS).........................
Last summer, a massive landslide slid into a fjord south of Juneau Alaska, producing an enormous surge of water that ran up the opposite hillside and sped down the channel, scraping off trees and soil and disturbing kayakers camped nearby. In the nearly ten months since the slide, geologists, seismologists, and tsunami scientists have been studying all aspects of the event. On May 6, a 19-member team led by Dan Shugar of the University of Calgary published the first comprehensive analysis of the landslide and ensuing tsunami in the journal Science.

The study examined the setting, seismic recordings of the landslide, remote imagery, post event field reconnaissance, modeled the slide and tsunami, and reveals a much larger event than was first estimated (see Not My Fault 8/16/26). Landslide movement wasn’t instantaneous, telltale signs of the failure began days beforehand, and like the landslide tsunami generated in a Greenland fjord in 2023, the tsunami continued to oscillate within the fjord for days afterwards.

South Sawyer Glacier at the head of Tracy Arm is one of thousands of glaciers in the Juneau ice field, and one of the most accessible by cruise ships from Alaska’s capital. The fjord, named after Benjamin Tracy, a Civil War General who became Secretary of the Navy in the Harrison administration, is over 30 miles long, the upper fifth still covered in ice. The fjord was completely covered in ice as recently as the cold period known as the Little Ice Age, peaking in this area in the 1800s. Since then, rising temperatures have triggered thinning and retreat of all the glaciers in the region, changing both the hydrology and stability of valley walls.

Prior to the August landslide, concern over glacial-retreat-triggered slope destabilization had become an issue in much of Alaska, but Tracy Arm was not singled out as a region of particular concern. Several cruise ships would visit the area daily in the peak summer tourist months, and private or organized kayak tours also frequented the area. Visitors were well aware of the hazards of floating ice and glacial calving and were alerted to stay well away from the glacial front, but there was no alerting system or landslide/tsunami protocols in place at the time of last summer’s slide.

The landslide occurred at 5:26 AM Alaska time seemingly without warning. There were no visible signs of the incipient failure, but a careful analysis of seismic data in the days preceding the failure showed all was not quiet. Jackie Caplan-Auerbach, a seismologist at Western Washington University and one of the co-authors of the Science study, is friends with a couple who were anchored in Endicott Arm last August, the next fjord south of Tracy Arm. They contacted Jackie after experiencing unusual swells and surges on what should have been quiet waters. Jackie looked at the seismic records from the two nearby stations and saw not only a signal characteristic of a landslide, but precursory noise as well.

Earthquakes are easy to recognize on a seismogram with the sharp onsets of P and S-waves followed by the longer period surface waves. Landslides look different, often longer duration and spindle shaped as the slide builds up speeds and then slows down. Landslides are sometimes preceded by precursors, a sort of stutter as the mass begins to creak. Jackie noticed a strong precursory signal in the hours before the final failure and over the next months, she and colleagues would pour over the records, filtering and processing for finer detail. Unfortunately, the seismometers were over 60 miles from the landslide source, and the vibrations were faint but still enough to tell an interesting story. In the 36 hours prior to the slide, the precursory signal steadily builds, becoming almost a continuous tremor in the hour before failure. Ongoing examination suggests the precursors began as much as a week beforehand.

The slide itself was enormous. A volume of 64 million cubic meters of material, equivalent to 25 great Giza pyramids, took less than two minutes to collapse into the fjord below. Seismic stations more than 600 miles away recorded the vibrations generated by the landslide. It was also detected on an array of infrasound detectors, some over 200 miles distant. The response of the displaced water was quick, accelerating up onto the opposite side and removing soil and vegetation to a height of 1,578 feet above the water level. This tsunami now ranks as the second highest credible tsunami ever recorded, surpassed only by the 1958 Lituya Bay tsunami at 1,721 feet.

Four groups of people camped near Tracy Arm witnessed the tsunami. Closest were a group of kayakers who awoke to water carrying away a boat and much of their gear, although as a precaution they had stored it well above the water level. Pat Lynett at USC, another member of the Science publication team, used their accounts, water level recordings, and remote sensing data to model the Tracy Arm tsunami. The area near the source would have been dominated by “a cross-channel-directed, intensely turbulent, white-water surge” moving at speeds of 150 mph. It took only minutes for the surge to reach several common Tracy Arm cruise viewing locations, which were fortunately unoccupied due to the early morning hour. Farther down the fjord, channel geometry produced localized amplification as water accelerated around curves and embankments.

Once exiting Tracy Arm, the tsunami wave energy quickly dissipated as the water spread into the larger Endicott Arm and Stephens Passage, but the complex channel shape produced significant irregularity in the water heights with some areas experiencing only a few feet of flooding and other exceeding 20 feet. All tsunamis exhibit some variation in height due to coastal shape, but fjords exacerbate the differences.

This transition from the deep narrow channel of Tracy Arm to the wider channels of Endicott Arm also affected the period of the tsunami. We usually talk about the very long periods of tsunamis compared to normal ocean waves. Earthquake-triggered tsunamis typically have periods of many minutes to over an hour. In the confines of Tracy Arm, modeling shows tsunami periods were only about a minute, but once reaching the wider channels, were about 20 minutes.

A noticeable feature of the Tracy Arm tsunami was its duration. We call the long duration sloshing in a confined channel a seiche and because of the relatively low friction on the channel walls, seiches in fjords can last a long time. The 2023 landslide-triggered tsunami seiche in Greenland lasted 9 days with amplitudes of 20 to 30 feet. The Tracy Arm seiche was not as large, with a dominant period of just over an hour that lasted a day and a half.

The Tracy Arm landslide and tsunami caused no significant damage or injuries to people or property. The gear lost by the kayak group was the only cost. It was fortuitous timing that minimized the loss. Had it occurred later in the day when several cruise ships were in the fjord within a few miles of the landslide source, the outcome would have been different. The question arises, is there any way to warn or reduce the hazard to tourists in the future?

With thousands of glaciers retreating in Alaska, it is not possible to instrumentally monitor all of them to identify potential precursors to major slides. The State of Alaska has a landslide monitoring group, and the August event has increased interest in assessing hazards and identifying those of most concern to human activity. Barry Arm in the Prince William Sound area has been the subject of much concern for over a decade and a warning system with State and the National Tsunami Warning Center has been developed for that specific area. But elsewhere, landslides are not part of tsunami warning protocol.

Our tsunami warning system is focused on earthquake-triggered tsunamis. They are the most common and have the greatest potential to impact people. We have a good understanding of the relationship between earthquakes and tsunamis and can analyze the earthquake signal to project the tsunami threat in a timely manner. Landslides are far trickier, and although the Tracy Arm study showed precursors, they aren’t easily adaptable for warnings or applicable elsewhere.

In the near term, the approach has been to limit exposure in Tracy Arm. Most cruise operators have cancelled Tracy Arm from their 2026 itineraries, choosing to focus on nearby Endicott Arm instead. There is no way to prohibit private groups from visiting the area, but it is being strongly discouraged. But Tracy Arm is not the only place in Southeastern Alaska where landslides in fjords are a threat. The Dawes glacier at the head of Endicott Arm is also retreating and the same factors that triggered the Tracy Arm slide are present there as well.

What is the relevance of the Tracy Arm tsunami to the North Coast? The extraordinary water heights seen in Tracy Arm and Lituya Bay are not possible here. But landslides falling into water bodies are something to be aware of. Whether a slide into a river, or along the coast, it’s always a good precaution to move away from the water’s edge when you feel an earthquake.

Note: The full Science article is at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec3187, including an animation of tsunami.
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Lori Dengler is an emeritus professor of geology at Cal Poly Humboldt, and an expert in tsunami and earthquake hazards. The opinions expressed are hers and not the Times-Standard’s. All Not My Fault columns are archived online at https://kamome.humboldt.edu/taxonomy/term/5 and may be reused for educational purposes. Leave a message at (707) 826-6019 or email [email protected] for questions and comments about this column or to request copies of the preparedness magazine “Living on Shaky Ground.”

05/10/2026

Not My Fault in today’s Times-Standard (5/10/26)
North Coast’s unique geologic history is exposed on the beach
Lori Dengler for the Times-Standard
Posted May 9, 2026
https://www.times-standard.com/2026/05/09/lori-dengler-north-coasts-unique-geologic-history-is-exposed-on-the-beach/

Image: Two very different North Coast beaches that are only two miles apart are shown. On the left is the beach at Houda Point just north of Moonstone. Note that Camel Rock and numerous sea stacks are exposed near the beach. On the right is Clam Beach near the northern access trail with no sea stacks to be seen anywhere. Trinidad Head is seen faintly in the distance and the author’s dog, Pip, is shown for scale
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The North Coast landscape is very old, very new, and everything in between. It is the product of events that happened over 100 million years ago and processes happening now, some in the past days and hours. We are fortunate to have this extraordinary backdrop beneath us. Beaches are the easiest introduction to North Coast geology for the simple reason that rocks are exposed and not obscured by forest. The light, shifting sands, and everchanging sculpture garden of logs brought in by winter storms make it a special experience.

None of this coast existed 100 million years ago. Reconstructing our edge of the continent requires geologic sleuthing. The broad outlines are clear, the exact details obscure. What we now call the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates were part of a much larger plate that floored much of the Pacific basin. It was created along a complex spreading center that extended from where the Aleutians are today to latitudes as far south as southern Chile. Geologists call it the Farallon plate, a sort of misnomer because its namesake, the Farallon Islands, are in the Pacific plate and were never a part of the Farallon plate.

All oceanic plates have remarkably similar compositions, at least in contrast to the far more heterogeneous rock types that make up continents. At the surface, just beneath the seafloor sediments, lies a layer of basalt roughly a half mile thick. This basalt was created by nearly constant volcanic eruptions along the ridge, quickly quenched by the cold ocean waters creating the characteristic pillow shapes of submarine eruptions. Beneath the basalt are igneous rocks that cooled more slowly, a complex of dikes (feeder tubes where molten rock cut vertically through other layers) and more uniform gabbro, the remanent of the slowly cooling magma chambers that once fed the sea floor eruptions. Spreading of the plate away from the ridge carried this package of rock away from the ridge axis.

The ocean above the sea floor is teeming with plankton, small and larger life forms adrift on the ocean currents, their remains continuously raining down onto the seabed creating a biogenic ooze. Diatoms and radiolarians have tests (shells) made of silica that is preserved even in the deepest oceans. Microscopic in size, their vast numbers deposit more than 150 million metric tons of ooze in global oceans each year. Over time, the ooze crystalizes into a rock called chert.

As plate motion brings this rock package closer to the coast, terrestrial sediments from the continent are reach the sea floor. These sediments are carried by rivers accumulating on the continental shelf and, when thick enough, slide down submarine canyons in turbidity currents, fluid-rich submarine landslides that is the primary way continental fragments are transported onto the deeper abyssal planes. As the turbidity current spreads out and slows down, the larger sand particles settle out first with silts and clays settling last, creating a characteristic graded sequence from coarse to fine typically several inches and occasionally over a foot thick.

All of the ingredients that will make up our coastal bedrock are now assembled and ready for “baking.” Sediments, chert, basalts, dikes, and gabbro are slowly compressed as they near the subduction zone and are pulled beneath the continent. Some of the material is scraped off and added to the continental margin, undergoing relatively little compositional change. Some is pulled deeper into the crust where higher temperatures and pressures cause the rock to recrystallize into a new suite of minerals stable at higher temperatures and pressures. These new metamorphic rock assemblages precisely earmark the temperature and pressure conditions that they experienced. And some of the subducted plate continues to move downward forever entombed deep within the mantle.

We don’t know exactly what happens in the great maw of a subduction zone, but our coast is a testament that some of the rock returns to the surface and reflect the processes that metamorphose the rocks, cooking some only a little and others at extremely high pressures and mix them into a mélange, a rock pudding with disparate blocks of harder rock types in a sheared matrix of weaker materials. This complex amalgamation makes up the Franciscan Formation (also called Complex), a massive jumble of very different rock types that is the bedrock of much California coast ranges, extending as far south as Santa Barbara and north into southern Oregon.

Trinidad Beach is the perfect place to view Franciscan rocks. The Franciscan bedrock is nearly at the surface. Wave erosion has winnowed away the weaker units, exposing the more resistant rock types as sea stacks of varying sizes, shapes, and composition. Humboldt’s introductory geology course always featured a field trip to Trinidad beach because it exposed students to an amazing variety of rock types, all within a stone’s throw from one another.

The sea stacks and rock blocks are mainly of three types: graywacke sandstone, greenstone, and chert. They are easy to distinguish if you know what to look for. Graywacke is dark grey in color and shows no clear layering on first glance. Look for a freshly exposed rock surface and you can see small sand grains. Graywackes are the remains of thick offshore terrestrial sediments that have been cemented together in the subduction zone. A really good eye may find the characteristic larger to smaller grain-size sequence of the turbidity current that originally deposited them.

Greenstones are a dull greenish tan in color and also show no bedding planes. Greenstone blocks are nearly as abundant as graywackes on Trinidad beach. They are the remanent of the oceanic crust that has only been lightly cooked in the subduction zone, just enough to metamorphose some of the basalt minerals to chlorite, giving it the characteristic olive-green color. In some places you can still see the pillow structures of the original submarine eruptions.

The easiest Trinidad Beach rock to identify is chert. Now contorted into spectacular bends and folds, the half to an inch thick layers are extremely hard, separated by very thin layer of shale. Don’t let color fool you. Cherts can be black, red, green, or even white, the color caused by small amounts of impurities incorporated into the very tiny quartz grains that make up the hard layers. I call chert a tombstone as it is the final resting spot of untold numbers of microscopic lifeforms.

There’s much more variety if you look at the rocks in more details. Look closely and you will find a few glittering blueish rocks. The glitter is caused by micas and the blue color by glaucophane, a rare mineral formed only by the combination of extremely high pressures but relatively low temperature. These blueshists are now recognized as a hallmark of subduction zones, the only places where high pressures aren’t associated with high heat. At the north end of the beach, look closely for a glittering green rock. It’s brighter than greenstone and also contains micas that cause the glitter. The green color is caused by chlorite, but this rock was baked at higher temperatures than greenstone, so the crystals grew larger. Peer in really closely and you will find a few gold spots. Don’t get too excited – it’s pyrite or fool’s gold and a common indicator of greenschist rocks.

You’ll find other unusual rocks at Trinidad Beach. There are highly sheared fragments that become “blue goo” when wet, one outcrop that is unmetamorphosed basalt, and the bright yellow, red, and blue ‘Psychedelic Rock’ (see the link to Ken Aalto’s field guide below for pictures.) What about Trinidad Head? It’s large size and roundish shape differs from the sharply pointed smaller sea stacks near the beach, but it is just another more resistant block in the Franciscan, composed primarily of greenstone and gabbro.

Sea stacks define the beaches from Sue-Meg State Park (formerly Patrick’s Point) to Moonstone. Cross the Little River on 101 heading south, and the landscape suddenly changes and there’s not a sea stack to be found until south of Ferndale. Why the abrupt change? Tectonic processes over the last few million years have faulted and folded the ancient Franciscan rocks, bringing some sections closer to the surface and burying other stretches beneath thick blankets of sand. The Little River location is no accident. It sits very close to the trace of the Trinidad fault, separating the uplifted rocks to the north from the much deeper bedrock to the south.

Please enjoy your own geologic explorations on North Coast beaches but never turn your back on the ocean as sneaker waves can happen at any time of year.

Note: No one knew the geology of the North Coast better than my colleague Ken Aalto. Ken was a sedimentologist who specialized in the northern Franciscan. He wrote a short summary of the rocks and processes near Trinidad Beach at https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/05741v05b.
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Lori Dengler is an emeritus professor of geology at Cal Poly Humboldt, and an expert in tsunami and earthquake hazards. The opinions expressed are hers and not the Times-Standard’s. All Not My Fault columns are archived online at https://kamome.humboldt.edu/taxonomy/term/5 and may be reused for educational purposes. Leave a message at (707) 826-6019 or email [email protected] for questions and comments about this column or to request copies of the preparedness magazine “Living on Shaky Ground.”

05/09/2026

Magnitude 4.9 earthquake at 9:57 PM PDT last evening centered 67 miles WSW of Crescent City. It was on a shallow fault less than 10 six miles beneath the surface, but not large enough to pose a tsunami threat and too far from the coast to be felt strongly. It was felt lightly by some from Cape Mendocino to the Oregon border. Felt/not felt reports can be filed at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc75357576/dyfi/intensity

05/07/2026

Early morning wakeup call for some in the Bay Area to Geysers area. A M4.2 earthquake at 2:42 AM PDT centered about 26 miles north of Santa Rosa. File felt reports at https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc75358752/dyfi/intensity
Nothing unusual about this earthquake - Geysers earthquakes are related to the injection of water into deep wells into the hot rock above a magma body. Smaller earthquakes occur every day in this area and several earthquakes in the M4 range are felt each year.

05/05/2026

Not My Fault in Sunday’s Times-Standard (5/3/26)
The sky is falling: Meteor impacts have shaped earth history
Lori Dengler for the Times-Standard
Posted May 2, 2026
https://www.times-standard.com/2026/05/02/lori-dengler-the-sky-is-falling-meteor-impacts-have-shaped-earth-history/

Image: A camera from a school in Olmstead, Ohio, captured the March 17 fireball caused by a 7-ton meteor as it exploded in the Earth’s atmosphere.
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The first quarter of 2026 is in the books. While a relatively quiet one for earthquakes, the skies lit up for an unusual number of meteors. The American Meteor Society tallied over 2,300 different event sightings with 1,700 considered “long duration” (trails lasting minutes), and 19 events reported by at least 50 people. Two March events were bright enough to be seen and heard by many in broad daylight. The most widely reported was in Western Europe on March 8 with over 3,000 filed observations followed by the St. Patrick’s Day fireball that was viewed by hundreds of people in 13 U.S. states as a meteor broke up over Northwestern Ohio.

The Koblenz meteor on March 8, entered Germany from the west and crossed over Luxembourg and Germany’s Eifel region before exploding in a bright airburst that was caught on many cameras and observed on the AllSky7 satellite network. The European Space Agency estimates the size of the meteor to be 7 to 10 feet across before exploding at a height of about 30 miles above the earth’s surface. Falling fragments damaged several buildings and made a football-sized hole through the bedroom of a home in Koblenz. A number of fragments have been recovered and are currently being analyzed.

Just before 9 AM EDT on March 17, a meteor entered the atmosphere over Lake Erie and causing a sonic boom recorded on video and seismographs as it broke up over Medina County in NW Ohio. NASA analysis suggests that the meteor was about six feet across and weighed seven tons, traveling at 40,000 mph when it hit the atmosphere. The sonic boom rattled houses and cracked windows. Some fragments have been found but are yet to be analyzed.

The first quarter 2026 sighting rate is nearly double what the American Meteor Society typically receives for a three-month period. Called many things including shooting or falling stars, fireballs, bolides, asteroids, and meteroids, meteors are caused by fragments of space rock and ice burning up as they encounter earth’s atmosphere. If the rock survives its fiery journey and lands on the ground, it’s a meteorite.

Meteors are very common. Each day, millions of space bits enter earth’s atmosphere, briefly lighting the sky as they heat up in their final swan song. On a clear night at any time of the year you are likely to see a few each hour. Most never reach the ground but dust-sized bits constantly rain down, adding roughly 50,000 metric tons of material to the earth’s surface each year. That sounds like earth’s mass is growing, but other processes are also at work. The lightest gases hydrogen and helium are continuously released into the atmosphere from rock by metamorphism and other processes and drift upwards, eventually leaving the atmosphere. This loss more than compensates for the addition of meteoric dust.

Most meteor sightings are due to comets. Their icy tails include chunks that range from microscopic to several feet across. Every year, earth’s orbit takes us on a predictable path through the tails of comets causing meteor showers. 2026 features seven named meteor showers, the most well known being the Perseids on August 12 – 13, and the Geminids December 13-14. I have fond memories of the Perseids viewed from the deck of our summer place on Flathead Lake, Montana with streaks crossing the sky every few seconds.

In August 1984, the Humboldt Geology Department got a call from Sam Merryman. Sam, a longtime restauranteur and community leader in Trinidad, had noticed an unusual feature on the beach just west of the parking area of his beach house on Moonstone and wondered if some geologists could take a look. It was during the Perseids, but just before the school term and most of the faculty were out of town, so it fell to a few of us to investigate.

We found a crater in the sand. Roughly eight feet across and perfectly circular, the delicate sands on the perimeter formed a perfect ring sloping upwards towards the center just less than a foot high. The center was a disorganized jumble. None of us knew much about meteors or impacts so we contacted the Arizona State University Institute for Meteor Studies. They were very helpful and based on the size of the crater suggested a baseball-sized object had likely hit the beach, but don’t get your hopes up on finding anything because most Perseid meteorites are ice and not likely to last very long.

We spent much of that day carefully excavating. Digging in sand can be dangerous and we were careful to create a wide zone on one side of the crater and remove the sand safely away. About two feet below the surface, the surrounding sand was damp and more compacted. Right in the center, a well-defined circular conduit about a foot across had formed, filled with softer sand. We continued to excavate that conduit for another six feet. It was straight down, suggesting the object had hit nearly perpendicular to the ground surface. And then it just stopped. No rock fragments, nothing else. Perhaps if we had collected some of the sand near the bottom and examined it under the microscope and analyzed its chemistry, we would have found something. But the odds were slim, and it was way out of our areas of expertise.

Most meteors are fleeting light shows across the sky. The handful that make landfall every year may startle witnesses it but have no significant effect on the planet. And although most are due to comets, some are caused by larger and potentially more hazardous rocky or iron chunks. Not all meteors are small, and some have changed the course of earth history.

Anyone who has viewed the spectacular videos and photographs from the Artemis II mission around the moon should have noticed the details of the moon’s surface and the startling contrast between the near and far sides. Impacts are the primary process that operates on the moon and a reminder of how important our atmosphere is in mitigating their effects. The lunar contrast in the surface textures between faces are the result of how those impacts affect the warmer, thinner crust on the side that faces us and the thicker, colder crust of the dark side.

It's not just comet tails that fill space with debris. Wayward rocks from the Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter are the most frequent non-comet source of meteors as their disorganized rotations cause collisions and random ejections. There were many more objects when the solar system was first forming and protoplanets frequently collided. Many astrogeologists believe the largest of these collisions occurred within the first 100 million years of solar system history, a direct hit that resulted in a large chunk of the proto earth being flung into space but not far enough to escape the earth’s gravity. The result – our moon. The moon wasn’t the only result of this early impactful period. Impacts likely contributed to the differentiation of the core, mantle, and crust, setting up the conditions for plate tectonics.

When asked to name great impact events of the past, most of you will think of the asteroid that ended the age of dinosaurs. But the impact 66 million years ago is not the only time that collisions with space objects have affected the course of evolution. A study from Rutgers University published last month argues that impacts enhanced hydrothermal vents early in earth history, creating the incubators for all future organisms on the planet. The S2 impact of 3.26 billion years ago, considered far larger than the dinosaur-killing asteroid, is argued to have “fertilized” the early oceans with phosphorous and iron, spurring the development of life forms. Ordovician times nearly 470 million years ago appears to be a prolonged period of far higher meteor impacts affecting climate and biodiversity.

We can thank impacts for creating some of the largest ore bodies on the planet. Impacts shatter rock and cause sharp increases in temperature and pressure, concentrating and exposing valuable deposits. The outlines of the impact that created the Sudbury Basin in Canada can be seen on Google Earth, creating some of the largest deposits of nickel, copper, and precious metals. The Vredefort Crater in South Africa is known for massive god deposits.

The 2026 spike in meteors remains unexplained. The data might be partly biased by the increase in cameras and detection equipment. There is no long-term trend, and it is considered unlikely to indicate that more large impacts are likely in the near term. But it did catch my attention and an appreciation that our planet’s characteristics and perhaps even life itself owe a debt to meteors.
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Lori Dengler is an emeritus professor of geology at Cal Poly Humboldt, and an expert in tsunami and earthquake hazards. The opinions expressed are hers and not the Times-Standard’s. All Not My Fault columns are archived online at https://kamome.humboldt.edu/taxonomy/term/5 and may be reused for educational purposes. Leave a message at (707) 826-6019 or email [email protected] for questions and comments about this column or to request copies of the preparedness magazine “Living on Shaky Ground.”

Redwood Coast Tsunami Work Group

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