04/16/2026
From Yuma to the Moon: Artemis II Mission Has Multiple Connections to Yuma Proving Ground
Yesterday, the world watched the launch of Artemis II from Kennedy Space Center, marking the beginning of its 10-day journey around the Moon.
The mission will conclude with the deployment of the Orion spacecraft’s parachute system, which was rigorously tested at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) in multiple developmental trials between 2011 and 2018.
The pilot of Artemis II is Victor J. Glover, who personally observed several developmental tests of Orion’s Capsule Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) at YPG. This mission marks not only Orion’s first crewed flight but also the first human journey around the Moon since 1972.
Most people associate space travel with extreme speed, but safe deceleration is just as critical. While a spacecraft must reach speeds of around 20,000 miles per hour to escape Earth’s gravity, it must slow down from approximately 24,500 miles per hour upon reentry to speeds even lower than a typical highway vehicle.
As the capsule reenters Earth’s atmosphere at such high velocity, intense friction causes its outer surface temperature to exceed 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Under these conditions, achieving a safe landing is a major challenge—one in which large parachutes play a crucial role. The CPAS cords are made from Kevlar, the same strong fiber used in bulletproof vests. This material replaced steel following testing at YPG. Each main parachute contains nearly 10,000 square feet of fabric.
The system deploys in stages: during reentry, two drogue parachutes first open to slow the roughly 10-ton capsule. Then, three large main parachutes deploy, reducing the speed to a gentle 17 miles per hour.
Additionally, the parachute system is designed with redundancy. Even if two parachutes fail—or if a major issue occurs shortly after launch—the system can still ensure a safe landing for the astronauts. In several YPG tests, some parachutes were intentionally disabled to prove that the remaining ones could handle the extra load.
Testing on land at YPG also provided advantages. Engineers were able to equip test vehicles with more instruments and cameras, which would not be possible during ocean landings. It also made parachute recovery and inspection much easier.
Years of effort paid off. After launching on November 16, 2022, the uncrewed Orion completed a 1.4 million-mile journey around the Moon and safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on December 11, 2022, with the CPAS performing flawlessly.
YPG has supported NASA testing since the early days of the space program. A prototype of the lunar rover used in the 1971 and 1972 Moon missions—known as the Mobility Test Article—was tested there in 1966. Additionally, Neil Armstrong observed testing of the AH-56 Cheyenne attack helicopter at YPG in 1971.
Written by: Mark Schauer