07/05/2026
Adolph Sutro, the Frontier Thesis, and America 250
“You! Asser Levy, you, and those other Jews. Get down from the stockade wall. We Christians defend New Amsterdam (New York). Jews must pay a tax, stand aside”, ordered the Sergeant.
Levy looked at the Sergeant with quiet fury. He did not budge. He said, " We Jews stand shoulder to shoulder with you against any danger. This piece of land is your home. It is ours too. We will defend it with our blood.”
Governor Peter Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam hated Jews. The Jews stayed. They never paid the tax. It was 1654, the first Frontier Experience, where the Jews of the New World met the antisemitic hatred of the Old World. No one would ever again demand, when danger threatened, “Give everyone a gun, except the Jew.”
Mockup of the Sutro Sculptural Gift at the Sutro Tunnel Portico “You! Asser Levy, you, and those other Jews. Get down from the stockade wall. We Christians defend New Amsterdam (New Yor…