06/05/2026
RETROSPECT
by John Conway
June 5, 2026
“RED TACTICS AND TEACHINGS” IN SULLIVAN COUNTY?
It was June of 1954, and Sullivan County was abuzz about an investigation revealed in a series of articles in the New York Herald Tribune newspaper that Communists had infiltrated the Catskill resort industry.
The articles, written by Herbert A. Philbrick, a Boston advertising executive who had become involved with the American Communist Party as an informant for the FBI, were entitled, “I Led Three Lives” which the author later used as the title of his autobiography, as well as for the name of a 1950s television series based on his life.
“Sullivan County harbors at least three Communist front summer camps—one of the favorite devices for indoctrination and recruiting—at White Lake, Kenoza Lake, and Jeffersonville,” the Liberty Register quoted Philbrick in an article about his Herald Tribute story.
“The camps named by Mr Philbrick are camps currently being advertised In ‘The Sunday Worker’--White Lake Lodge, Pine Lake Lodge at Kenoza Lake and the City Slicker Farm in Jeffersonville. Mr. Philbrick also names Brlehls, at Wallkill, Camp KInderhook and Camp Lakeland at Sylvan Lake, and Arrow Farm at Monroe,” the Register reported in its June 17, 1954 edition.
In his articles, Philbrick reported that the White Lake Lodge had enlisted Hollywood actor Lionel Stander as its social director.
“Stander has been Identified by a number of government witnesses as a former member of a secret professional unit of the party known as 'Z-l00 In Hollywood. Sander will have as his rlght hand lieutenant at White Lake Lodge Tony Traver, former special events director tor Columbia Broadcasting," Philbrick wrote.
He also noted that one of the principal devices of “red tactics and teachings” was the use of summer “camps, colonies and resorts” to “turn non-Communists into Communists.”
Philbrick’s articles in the Herald Tribune caught the eye of the New York State Legislature, and sparked an investigation and hearings by its Joint Committee to Study Charitable and Philanthropic Agencies and Organizations. The hearings were widely covered by newspapers throughout the state, including the New York Times.
“Eight more witnesses invoked the Fifth Amendment yesterday before the Joint Legislative Committee to Study Charitable and Philanthropic Agencies and Organizations,” the Times reported on August 24, 1955. “The committee is seeking to show Communist subversion in summer camps for children and adults.”
The Times noted that among the eight witnesses at the hearings at Foley Square in New York City the previous day were two of the three owners of the Pine Lake Lodge in Kenoza Lake, Abraham Hamburger and Sam K***t, along with Hamburger’s daughter, Naomi Colow, who managed the place, described as “a family resort with 17 rooms accommodating 35 persons.”
Nearly a year after the hearings, the Liberty Register ran a follow up story about the Pine Lake Lodge, quoting another of the owners of the lodge, Manya Hamburger, as denying any connection to the Communists.
Mrs. Hamburger said she had run the Pine Lake Lodge for the past eight years along with her husband Abraham, and their partner, Sam K***t. She claimed that the lodge was not a summer camp at all, but a small hotel, with 18 rooms accommodating about 40 guests.
“It’s not a camp, and it’s not Communist,” Mrs. Hamburger told the Register.
Although in its final report it did not specifically name the Pine Lake Lodge—or the other Sullivan County resorts implicated in Philbrick’s Herald Tribue articles— the Legislative committee apparently did not agree.
“A state committee that investigated Communist subversion of summer camps concluded yesterday that the ‘factually silent arrogance’ of witnesses had enabled it to make its point,” the New York Times reported on May 28, 1956. “The point was, the committee declared, that it had long been high-level Communist policy to exploit children and youths at summer camps.”
Quoting from the Committee’s final report, which was made public to encourage parents to be vigilant in choosing summer camps for their children, the Times noted that by "wielding the privilege against self-incrimination in an almost unparalleled manner, witnesses with a considerable degree of success left the committee without facts as to the operation, ownership and financing of these camps.
“But by this determined silence, the report continued, ‘these witnesses, in a larger sense, made it possible for the committee to see and demonstrate, with greater success than would otherwise have been possible, the ultimate fact that there exists a long-continued Communist conspiracy, planned and directed by the highest echelons of the party, to utilize the device of operating summer camps.’"
The Legislative Committee concluded that the Communist Party used its summer children’s camps in rural New York and New Jersey to:
· Reinforce and reinvigorate the indoctrination of the children of Communists and their sympathizers.
· Enmesh other youth into the circle of Communist and fellow-traveling activities.
· Train new generations of Communist leadership.
· Provide centers and rallying points for Communist activities.
· Provide employment for the "faithful" in areas of activity that advanced the purposes of the Communist party.
The Times article concluded by making it clear that “the committee took pains to make clear that only ‘a comparatively small number’ of camps were involved.”
John Conway is the Sullivan County Historian. His Retrospect column appears every Friday in the Sullivan County Democrat newspaper. Email him at [email protected].
PHOTO CAPTION: Herbert A. Philbrick (Los Angeles Times photo)