07/15/2024
The attack at Wash*ta River actually begins at another National Park Site, Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site in eastern Colorado. There in November 1864, Col. Chivington, out of shear bigotry and against orders, attacked and destroyed Chief Black Kettle's village on Sand Creek. Black Kettle had been pursuing a policy of peace, and believed his village was protected by the US Army. Black Kettle survived the attack, but at least 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho were killed and mutilated. The Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Lakota warriors responded with months of retaliatory attacks against military encampments and settlements. When multiple efforts at a treaty couldn’t stop the raids, Maj. General Sheridan planned to catch the Indians in their winter encampment on the Wash*ta River, when they would be most vulnerable. At midnight on November 27, 1868, Col. George Armstrong Custer carried out Sheridan’s orders, leading the 7th US Cavalry through a foot of new snow to attack Black Kettle’s sleeping village. While Custer watched from a nearby hill, the soldiers drove the Cheyenne from their lodges into the snow, barefoot and barely clothed. Black Kettle and his wife were killed. In the aftermath, Custer’s men slaughtered 650 Cheyenne ponies, then burned lodges, clothing, and their entire food supply, taking 53 women and children as captives to prevent further attack. The brutality of this attack forced many to give up their fight and accept life on the reservation. What’s left here now is the narrow river banked by barren hallowed ground. There are two badges here: the site badge and a site specific firefighter’s badge. Don’t miss the movie, which features stunning hand painted animation. The visitor center has an excellent small museum, interactive stations, and a moving exhibit about the slaughtered ponies.