06/03/2026
Have you ever wondered how the Calusa and other indigenous Floridians prepared for--and survived--hurricanes?
There is archeological evidence that a large hurricane hit Pineland around 300 C.E. A 1992 excavation found thin sand layers, as well as plant and animal remains, which show that seawater surged across the settlement.
We can't know the specifics of how the Calusa handled this event, but disturbances in the weather and changes in animal behavior would have signaled that a large storm was on the way. Calusa people may have been able to see the approach of the storm from the high mounds in Pineland.
Pineland's large shell mounds could have provided refuge from storm surge. Even today, the mounds are much higher than predicted storm surge levels. The Pine Island Canal, engineered and managed by the Calusa people, could also have facilitated movement away from the coast. The Calusas' deep knowledge of the hydrology and geography of Pine Island likely helped them plan and prepare.
Indigenous architecture also helped. The Calusa and other indigenous people built open-sided dwellings thatched with palm fronds. The roofs were water-tight, resilient to strong winds, and cool in the summer.
Calusa homes were similar to the traditional chickees built by the Seminole people. Though now constructed with modern materials, open-sided palm structures are still popular in South Florida architecture, an adaptation with thousands of years of cultural history.
By Carrie Dilley, Visitor Services and Development Manager While we constantly aim to engage with and educate our visitors, we also strive to break down stereotypes and represent Seminoles as moder…