05/25/2026
Over a century before Memorial Day was established, the First National Decoration Day, May 30, 1868, was created to honor all Civil War soldiers who had died in battle.
According to Pittsfield historian Edward Boltwood (1870-1924), a large crowd of townsfolk met at the City’s cemetery on May 31, 1868, to lay flowers on the soldiers’ graves: the act that gave the day its name. At the grave of Capt. William W. Rockwell (1839-1863), flowers were laid and a brief address was made by Pittsfield’s Gen. Henry S. Briggs (1824-1887).
Captain Rockwell, son of prominent Pittsfield Republican legislator and judge Julius Rockwell (1805-1888), had enlisted in the 8th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. At the end of the three-month enlistment period, Rockwell enlisted in the 31st Massachusetts Infantry. While participating in the Union occupation of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the young officer, now a captain, contracted typhoid fever and died on December 3, 1863. Rockwell left behind hundreds of letters, manuscripts, and records of his military adventures. His papers, the majority of which are held in a private collection, have been described as the most detailed first-hand accounts by any Pittsfield Civil War soldier. His memory was institutionalized when the Grand Army of the Republic Veterans formally chose the name W.W. Rockwell Post 125, G.A.R.
In 1971, Decoration Day was renamed Memorial Day to honor all of America’s fallen heroes, and the date was fixed as the last Monday in May, creating a three-day weekend. Veterans’ graves are still decorated with flowers and flags on this day.
Images:
Postcard, Entrance to Pittsfield Cemetery, postmarked May 16, 1913.
Members of the Rockwell Post 125, G.A.R., stand in front of the Berkshire Museum, circa 1910. Detail of photograph by Matthew H. Powell (1869-1922), gift of William Cramer.
A portion of the collection sold by Poulin Auctions in November 2024, featuring several copies of a portrait of William Walker Rockwell (1839-1863). Image from poulinauctions.com.
Rockwell’s grave in Pittsfield Cemetery. Image from findagrave.com.