05/09/2024
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Frederick McKinley Jones was one of the most prolific African-American inventors ever. Jones patented more than 60 inventions, however, he is best known for inventing an automatic refrigeration system for long-haul trucks in 1935 (a roof-mounted cooling device).
Jones was born in Covington, Kentucky, near Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 17, 1893. Both of his parents had died by the time Jones was 9 years old, at which point he went to live with a priest in Kentucky.
Jones was the first person to invent a practical, mechanical refrigeration system for trucks and railroad cars, which eliminated the risk of food spoilage during long-distance shipping trips. The system was, in turn, adapted to a variety of other common carriers, including ships. Jones was issued the patent on July 12, 1940 ( #2,303,857).
Forming a partnership with Numero, Jones founded the U.S. Thermo Control Company. The company grew exponentially during World War II, helping to preserve blood, medicine and food. By 1949, U.S. Thermo Control was worth millions of dollars.
Jones was granted more than 40 patents in the field of refrigeration.
His inspiration for the refrigeration unit was a conversation with a truck driver who had lost a shipment of chickens because the trip took too long and the truck's storage compartment overheated.
Jones also invented a self-starting gas engine and a series of devices for movie projectors: adapting silent movie projectors for talking films, and developing box office equipment that delivered tickets and gave change.
Jones also developed an air-conditioning unit for military field hospitals and a refrigerator for military field kitchens.
Jones was recognized for his achievements both during his lifetime and after his death. In 1944, he became the first African-American elected to the American Society of Refrigeration Engineers. Jones died of lung cancer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on February 21, 1961.