07/22/2026
Months later in March of 1848 after visiting James Marshall's discovery site at Coloma, Pierson Redding discovered gold near what we today call Clear Creek and Redding Springs sprung up, later to become the city of Shasta. Visit Shasta State Historic Park to learn more.
On July 21, 1847, John Sutter wrote in the daily logbook kept at Sutter’s Fort, “Marshall with Nerio left to the Mountains on the [American] fork, to select the site for the Saw Mill.” The site James Marshall, the head carpenter at Sutter’s Fort, and Nerio, a Miwok Native American guide, found on this week in 1847 was in the valley of Cullumah, the name given by the Yalesumney Nisenan village that inhabited the region. The location is known today as Coloma on the south fork of the American River about 40 miles east of Sutter’s Fort (located today in Midtown Sacramento).
The reason a sawmill was initiated was to help meet the demand for lumber at Sutter’s Fort and to provide lumber to build the planned town called Sutterville, where William Land Park is located in Sacramento today. The Sacramento Valley was expected to have an increase in immigration as California became a United States territory after the U.S. military seized control of California from Mexico during the Mexican-American War.
A month later, on August 27, 1847, John Bidwell wrote a contract between Sutter and Marshall to build the sawmill and construction began soon after. Using a labor force of former soldiers from the Mormon Battalion and Nisenan Native people from local villages, Marshall oversaw the construction of the sawmill which was nearing operational by mid-January 1848.
James Marshall found gold at the sawmill on January 24, 1848 leading to the California Gold Rush, which was one of the largest migrations in human history. The Gold Rush gave justification for further colonization of California and the American West. While the gold brought people from all over the world looking for opportunity and fortune, it also brought further destruction to California Native American way of life.
Copy of a lithographic print depicting Sutter’s Mill in Coloma in 1848 by F. Gleason in 1852, courtesy of the California State Library.