08/27/2026
"Studies that compare affordable and market-rate buildings find that soft costs are where a large share of the cost difference originates. Affordable projects tend to have significantly higher soft costs, even when the buildings themselves are similar. In other words, much of what makes an affordable apartment expensive isn’t the building – it’s the financial and regulatory machinery wrapped around it.
How Colorado breaks the pattern
So why does affordable housing cost less to build in Colorado? The RAND study points to where and how it gets built. Unlike their counterparts in California and Texas, Colorado’s affordable developers built for less, per square foot, than the state’s own market-rate builders.
In Colorado, a key distinguishing factor is land: Developers paid just $1.50 per square foot, against about $23 for market‑rate builders, often on public land offered at little or no cost. That cheaper land, along with lower-cost building sites, more than offsets the higher soft costs that affordable projects still carry everywhere, Colorado included.
What actually lowers costs
In recent years, Colorado has passed a series of laws aimed at easing the frictions that inflate housing costs, especially for subsidized projects, making the state a real-time test of what works. Research already points to several promising levers, none of which requires weakening the protections that keep homes affordable.
The most powerful lever is land. Cities and states across the country are increasingly offering public land at little or no cost, reducing one of development’s biggest expenses."
Op-ed: Lower land costs and new statewide housing reforms have made Colorado an outlier.