08/22/2026
Clara Barton (1821-1912) was an American teacher and self-taught nurse who founded the first American Red Cross chapter n Dansville, NY in 1881. Born in Massachusetts, Clara, the daughter of Steven Barton, a captain in the local militia, was keenly familiar with military strategies, techniques and the horrors and human suffering that came with war. When the Civil War began in 1861, Clara was given permission to cross the battlelines to provide nursing care to sick and wounded soldiers.
Affectionately known as The Angel of the Battlefield , Clara provided medical assistance, food, and clothing to soldiers as well as emotional support by reading to them and writing letters to their families on their behalf. Such compassion was crucial in lifting the soldiers’ spirits and helping them cope with the traumas they experienced on the battlefield.
Clara earned widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country about her war experiences which heightened the awareness of the sufferings of war. In 1869, she visited the International Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland, which was a humanitarian aid association. Inspired by this visit, Clara began campaigning for the United States to join the Geneva Convention, which established rules for the treatment of sick and wounded in wartime and for quick responses to national disasters such as floods, famine, and epidemics.
In 1881 Clara successfully organized the American Association of the Red Cross and she established the first local chapter on August 22, 1881 in her home of Dansville, NY. Fifty-seven charter members signed the organization's founding document, and today the Dansville chapter has been preserved as a landmark and historic museum. Clara led the organization for 23 years overseeing disaster relief efforts, creating a system for volunteer recruitment, supply distribution, and emergency response. Clara devoted her entire life to the American Red Cross and even though she retired as President in 1904 at the age of 83, she remained involved in continuous humanitarian efforts for the rest of her life!
Photo: Clara Barton, Photographed by Mathew Brady, 1866