08/26/2026
In the summer and fall of 1776, Fort Ticonderoga became America’s last line of defense, with the fate of the Revolution on the line.
Between July and October 1776, two armies raced toward a collision on Lake Champlain. Major General Horatio Gates oversaw the Continental Army's preparations at Ticonderoga and Mount Independence: miles of fortifications to dig, cannon to be mounted, ships to be built, and storehouses, magazines, and lodging built from nothing. Soldiers were pulled out as artificers, gunners, and desperately needed sailors, working grueling hours with limited time and tools.
This video looks between the battles to the challenges and stakes of the 1776 campaign. At the hospital at Fort George, understaffed physicians, surgeons, and nurses fought smallpox with thin medicine chests, pleading for supplies. Officers wrestled with discipline, and courts-martial reached from Brigadier General Benedict Arnold down to subalterns tried for disobedience, cowardice, and intoxication. Regional rivalry between Pennsylvania troops and New Englanders ran hot enough that the two were kept on opposite sides of Lake Champlain. Scouts ranged across the Canadian border, including Lieutenant Benjamin Whitcomb's shooting of British Brigadier General Patrick Gordon on the road to Saint-Jean, and the hardened the lines of the campaign.
On the water, both sides built navies from scratch. American shipwrights were lured north to Skenesborough with higher wages to construct a fighting fleet, while the British, blocked by the rapids of the Richelieu River, deconstructed two schooners, hauled them overland, and rebuilt them on Lake Champlain, alongside gunboats framed in England and the 80 foot, 22 gun warship Inflexible. By early October, Benedict Arnold's America vessels faced a British fleet assembled in just three months, with British Governor Guy Carleton's massive forces behind it.
The fate of the newly declared nation was on the line, would the preparations at Ticonderoga be enough?
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