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American Bar Association Commission on Immigration

American Bar Association Commission on Immigration The Commission seeks to ensure fair treatment and full due process rights for immigrants and refugees within the U.S.

Guided by resolutions adopted by the American Bar Association House of Delegates, the Commission on Immigration works to coordinate and strengthen the ABA’s response to legal developments and to address the needs of immigrants and newcomers. Among our greatest concerns are the erosion of due process safeguards, the growing reliance on detention, and the lack of access to legal information and coun

sel for individuals in immigration proceedings, particularly unaccompanied immigrant children. The ABA Board of Governors has designated immigration to be a legislative priority of the ABA in each Congress since 1992. The ABA Board of Governors established a 13-member Commission on Immigration in August 2002, and a 10-member Advisory Committee to the Commission in 2005. The Commission works to achieve its goals through five major projects:

South Texas Pro Bono Asylum Representation Project (ProBAR):
Founded in 1989, ProBAR is a joint project of the ABA, the State Bar of Texas, and the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA). ProBAR provides pro bono legal services and legal orientations for indigent, detained immigrants and asylum seekers in south Texas. Additionally, ProBAR assists detained unaccompanied immigrant children through representation and by training and coordinating the work of pro bono attorneys, and providing information to educate the children about their rights and the legal process. www.americanbar.org/probar

Immigration Justice Project of San Diego (IJP):
Initiated in 2008, the IJP aims to promote due process and access to justice at all levels of the immigration and appellate court system, through the provision of high-quality pro bono legal services for both detained and non-detained immigrants and asylum seekers in removal proceedings. In order to accomplish this, the IJP recruits, trains, and mentors volunteer attorneys and law students and provides Legal Orientation Programs for adult immigration detainees at the local immigration court and detention center. www.americanbar.org/ijp

Detention Standards Implementation Initiative (DSII):
DSII coordinates delegations of pro bono attorneys to visit detention centers to observe and report on conditions and to assess whether detainees have meaningful legal access. This initiative seeks to ensure the full and effective implementation of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Performance Based National Detention Standards at facilities housing immigrants and asylum seekers. http://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_services/immigration/projects_initiatives/detention_standards_implementation_initiative.html

The Fight Notario Fraud Project:
The Fight Notario Fraud Project seeks to put an end to immigration consulting fraud by: 1) providing attorneys, and other individuals, with information on how to take action against notarios, 2) creating a library of consumer education, articles and legal documents relevant to reporting, or pursuing a case against, an immigration consultant, and 3) facilitating the referral of victims of immigration consulting fraud to pro bono attorneys who will to represent them in civil litigation. http://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_services/immigration/projects_initiatives/fightnotariofraud.html

Detainee Correspondence Project:
The ABA is the only organization in the country that accepts calls and letters from all 250 detention facilities across the nation with a goal of ensuring that immigrants and asylum seekers detained by the ICE have access to basic information about their rights. The Commission on Immigration communicates with immigration detainees in ICE custody in detention centers, determining what information may assist them, and sending the appropriate materials. The ABA identifies specific complaints regarding the condition of immigration detention facilities and assists detainees to file complaints when facility conditions do not satisfy the detention standards. The ABA encourages you to participate and welcomes constructive engagement between members, provided your conduct is consistent with the ABA Code of Conduct: https://www.americanbar.org/about_the_aba/codeofconduct/

The posts (and any corresponding materials) and views on this page have not been approved by the ABA, the ABA Commission on Immigration, or their staff or governing bodies.

Operating as usual

03/17/2023

The ABA Commission on Immigration is excited to announce the launch of a new TPS Clinic for Afghans Toolkit, developed as part of the Welcome Legal Alliance. The Toolkit was created to support legal service providers as they design TPS clinics, and it includes detailed guidance on the structure of a TPS clinic, the types of volunteers needed, and how to implement a clinic. The Toolkit also contains helpful resources for volunteers, such as an annotated I-821 and I-765, links to volunteer training videos (including an Overview of Afghan TPS, Complex Legal Issues for Afghan TPS, and How to File for Afghan TPS Online with MyUSCIS), and a robust Q&A about Afghan TPS. Click the following link to request your copy of the Toolkit!

https://lnkd.in/e9n7vBQ7

Don't forget to join us March 17th from 1:00-2:00pm ET for our upcoming webinar! Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is an ...
03/16/2023

Don't forget to join us March 17th from 1:00-2:00pm ET for our upcoming webinar! Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is an important immigration benefit that is available to certain individuals from designated countries. TPS for Haiti was recently extended and redesignated, causing many Haitians in removal proceedings to be newly eligible for TPS benefits. This virtual training will discuss strategies to consider when representing TPS-eligible Haitians in removal proceedings.

Link Here: bit.ly/3mjxs8l

Read this powerful Washington Post piece detailing the challenges and glitches of the new Customs and Border Patrol mobi...
03/13/2023
Desperate migrants seeking asylum face a new hurdle: Technology

Read this powerful Washington Post piece detailing the challenges and glitches of the new Customs and Border Patrol mobile app meant to make entering the country more efficient.

Link: https://lnkd.in/eg25xBHu

Asylum seekers are finding themselves stuck in squalid camps in Mexico as they try to use a new Customs and Border Protection app to enter the United States.

Thank you to everyone who participated in this year’s ABA/KIND Unaccompanied Children’s Service Provider Training last w...
03/06/2023

Thank you to everyone who participated in this year’s ABA/KIND Unaccompanied Children’s Service Provider Training last week in Houston! It was a wonderful opportunity to reconnect, restore, and inspire each other as we strive to better serve unaccompanied children. Special thanks to our panel speakers and special guests for informing us and reminding us of the importance of this work!

Join us March 17th from 1:00-2:00pm ET for our upcoming webinar! Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is an important immigr...
03/01/2023

Join us March 17th from 1:00-2:00pm ET for our upcoming webinar! Temporary Protected Status (TPS) is an important immigration benefit that is available to certain individuals from designated countries. TPS for Haiti was recently extended and redesignated, causing many Haitians in removal proceedings to be newly eligible for TPS benefits. This virtual training will discuss strategies to consider when representing TPS-eligible Haitians in removal proceedings.

Register Here: bit.ly/3mjxs8l

In case you missed our latest CLE webinar, you can now find it on our YouTube Channel. In this virtual training, expert ...
02/13/2023
Common Forms of Immigration Relief for Family Groups and How to Screen for Them

In case you missed our latest CLE webinar, you can now find it on our YouTube Channel. In this virtual training, expert immigration attorneys provide an overview of common forms of immigration relief for family groups facing removal or deportation and share successful strategies in screening family group clients.

Link: bit.ly/3jXTEV2

ABA President Deborah Enix-Ross applauds the work of the American Bar Association ProBAR for embodying the legal profess...
02/10/2023
In speech, Deborah Enix-Ross applauds ABA's civic and civil engagement

ABA President Deborah Enix-Ross applauds the work of the American Bar Association ProBAR for embodying the legal profession’s values of civics, civility and collaboration.
Read more about her speech at the 2023 ABA Midyear Meeting in New Orleans at the link below.

Link: https://lnkd.in/gGtrr674

ABA President Deborah Enix-Ross addresses the House of Delegates on Monday at the 2023 midyear meeting. (Photo by ©Kathy Anderson)

Join us for a free non-CLE webinar Foreign-Born (R-1) Religious Workers: Hot Topics, Updates and How You Can Advocate.Da...
02/09/2023

Join us for a free non-CLE webinar Foreign-Born (R-1) Religious Workers: Hot Topics, Updates and How You Can Advocate.
Date: Monday, February 27th
Time: 12:30 p.m. – 2:00 p.m. ET

For decades, nonimmigrant religious workers have been coming to the United States to provide essential services to our U.S. communities. However, in more recent years, religious workers have faced significant delays and challenges. In this webinar, the panelists will provide an overview of the R-1 visa process and discuss recent updates affecting religious workers. The webinar will also show attendees how to use CLINIC’s religious worker toolkit to help advocates push for effective policy change and to be treated equally to other employment-based categories. We invite all who are interested in learning more about nonimmigrant religious workers to join the ABA Commission on Immigration, ABA Section of Civil Rights and Social Justice, and CLINIC’s Religious Immigration Services attorneys and its Advocacy team for this training on religious worker immigration.

Register HERE: https://lnkd.in/gUbnt_7s

We are pleased to announce that Laura Peña, a nationally recognized expert in immigration and civil rights law, will be ...
02/07/2023

We are pleased to announce that Laura Peña, a nationally recognized expert in immigration and civil rights law, will be the new director of the ABA South Texas Pro Bono Asylum Representation Project, or ProBAR.

Laura grew up in the Rio Grande Valley and is currently program director with the Texas Civil Rights Project. She is very familiar with immigration needs and trends along the Mexican border. She is also a familiar face with the ABA and ProBAR, having served in Harlingen, Texas, as pro bono counsel with the ABA Commission on Immigration, based at ProBAR.

Laura is former assistant chief counsel with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and a former senior advisor and White House liaison with the U.S. State Department. She will start at ProBAR March 20.

We are also happy to announce that Aimee Korolev will become ProBAR’s first-ever deputy director on Feb. 13. Aimee is currently ProBAR’s interim programs director and has spent more than 10 years protecting the rights of vulnerable migrants. She previously worked with the Immigrants’ and Language Rights Center at Indiana Legal Services and was an adjunct clinical professor at the Indiana University’s Immigration Clinic.

Read more about both Laura and Aimee here: https://lnkd.in/gGX7QMeC

Our very own Pro Bono Counsel Stephanie Baez will be part of a panel discussing removal defense and pro bono opportuniti...
02/01/2023

Our very own Pro Bono Counsel Stephanie Baez will be part of a panel discussing removal defense and pro bono opportunities on Monday, February 6th. Learn about the basics of immigration court and find out how you can help through pro bono representation!

Link Here: bit.ly/3joXENO

Title 42 continues to be used to justify unjust measures at the border, despite the underlying reasons for the CDC order...
01/30/2023
Biden Administration Clings to Title 42, Despite Its Harm to Asylum Seekers - Ms. Magazine

Title 42 continues to be used to justify unjust measures at the border, despite the underlying reasons for the CDC order no longer existing. Read the Ms. Magazine piece by Mary Giovagnoli on the Commission on Immigration Advisory Committee: bit.ly/3wGYAjD

The Title 42 immigration order has resulted in over 2.4 million expulsions to people at the U.S.-Mexico southern border seeking asylum.

For decades, Central Americans have traveled to the United States seeking safety and opportunity. Read an immigration hi...
01/24/2023
Perspective | Biden’s announced asylum transit ban undermines access to life-saving protection

For decades, Central Americans have traveled to the United States seeking safety and opportunity. Read an immigration historian’s account of how the proposed Biden administration regulation continues historical limitations on asylum seekers based on how they undertook their journey north.

https://lnkd.in/eaZxn5Fn

Similar bars have been marshaled against Central Americans since the late 1980s — severely undermining access to asylum.

Reminder to register for our upcoming webinar on the electronic monitoring of migrants on January 25 from 3pm-4:30pm ET!...
01/23/2023

Reminder to register for our upcoming webinar on the electronic monitoring of migrants on January 25 from 3pm-4:30pm ET! We will learn from various experts on alternatives to detention. Register through the link in the comments. We hope you will join the discussion!

Link Here: bit.ly/3WrXra5

Join us January 31st from 1-2:30pm ET for our upcoming webinar! Screening clients for potential forms of relief is one o...
01/20/2023

Join us January 31st from 1-2:30pm ET for our upcoming webinar! Screening clients for potential forms of relief is one of the most important steps in representation but can be one of the most challenging. In this virtual training, expert immigration attorneys will provide an overview of common forms of immigration relief for family groups facing removal or deportation and share successful strategies in screening family group clients.

Registration Here: bit.ly/3Xpkdkd

The ABA has just shared their first ever Impact Report highlighting our organizations influence and effectiveness! The C...
01/17/2023
First-ever ABA Impact Report highlights association’s influence on legal profession, society

The ABA has just shared their first ever Impact Report highlighting our organizations influence and effectiveness! The Commission On Immigration is heavily featured for the following programs:

ABA Children's Immigration Law Academy's nationwide virtual boot camp trainings designed to help groups of new advocates who are helping unaccompanied children in detention.

Immigration Justice Project's involvement in the Legal Defense Program in partnership with San Diego County.

American Bar Association ProBAR's new Immigration Court Helpdesk

and the new virtual Pro Se+ virtual trainings from our DC office!

Check out the full report here: https://lnkd.in/gPMzJrdi

WASHINGTON, Jan. 13, 2023 – The American Bar Association issued its first-ever ABA Impact Report, which describes many of the tangible ways the ABA has helped its members use the power of law to advance the legal profession’s voice for justice in the

Join us January 25th from 3-4:30pm ET for our webinar discussion on the electronic monitoring of migrants! We will have ...
01/13/2023

Join us January 25th from 3-4:30pm ET for our webinar discussion on the electronic monitoring of migrants! We will have experts with various backgrounds join us to share their experiences and research on alternatives to detention that are being deployed.

Link Here: bit.ly/3H0Qp7M

In case you missed our latest webinar, Engaging Country Conditions Experts in Asylum Cases, you can now find it in our Y...
12/21/2022

In case you missed our latest webinar, Engaging Country Conditions Experts in Asylum Cases, you can now find it in our YouTube channel along with other great trainings. Check them out at the link below!

Link: bit.ly/3FEFFKk

FG LOP aims to resolve family immigration cases within 300 days in one of the 11 cities nationwide. Recent data shows th...
12/15/2022

FG LOP aims to resolve family immigration cases within 300 days in one of the 11 cities nationwide. Recent data shows that only 34% of families with cases on the Dedicated Docket had representation, and only 7% of the families have been granted asylum. Your pro bono assistance is crucial to ensuring these families can accurately present their cases and pursue their due process rights. You can browse available opportunities in a city near you at the link below!

bit.ly/3V1sTva

Don't forget to registered for our upcoming webinar this Wednesday, December 7th at 1 ET. In this virtual training, coun...
12/06/2022

Don't forget to registered for our upcoming webinar this Wednesday, December 7th at 1 ET. In this virtual training, country conditions experts and immigration attorneys will share successful strategies in working together before and during the asylum case, tips for testimony preparations with country conditions experts, and special considerations when working with children and youth.

Register here: https://bit.ly/3Fa2SUw

Check out our upcoming webinar. In this virtual training, experts will explain that one does not need to “know it all” b...
11/02/2022

Check out our upcoming webinar. In this virtual training, experts will explain that one does not need to “know it all” before taking a case in immigration!

Date: Thursday, November 10, 2022
Time: 2:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m. EST
Register Here: bit.ly/3h5ltJh

The Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) have made life dangerous and challenging for immigrants since their introduction ...
11/02/2022
Winding Down the Migrant Protection Protocols, Again

The Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) have made life dangerous and challenging for immigrants since their introduction in 2019. Now with MPP 2.0 set to wind down, ProBAR is adjusting its work to continue serving migrants. Learn more from our blog here: https://lnkd.in/eSakFyf8

Senior Staff Attorney for ProBAR Pedro Spivakovsky-Gonzalez accounts the challenges migrants face when navigating the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) and how ProBAR has had to adapt their work around the renewed guidelines.

Immigration is an exciting area of law that offers a range of ways for pro bono attorneys and volunteers to get involved...
10/29/2022

Immigration is an exciting area of law that offers a range of ways for pro bono attorneys and volunteers to get involved and work directly with clients, from court appearances to filing forms to one-time legal clinics. Most of the time, representation in immigration cases consists of lawyers and clients working together harmoniously towards a common goal. What happens when this is not the case? Join us on our next webinar to find out!

Date: Wednesday, November 2, 2022
Time: 1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m. EST

Register Here: bit.ly/3flD7aT

 is TODAY! Be a part of a powerful community of ABA donors, members, and volunteers with your donation to the Commission...
10/27/2022

is TODAY! Be a part of a powerful community of ABA donors, members, and volunteers with your donation to the Commission. Every gift matters! Every donor counts! http://givingday.americanbar.org

When a friend or family member is arrested and placed in immigration detention, family and friends might ask: What happe...
10/26/2022
Publications

When a friend or family member is arrested and placed in immigration detention, family and friends might ask: What happens next? What are their rights? What resources are available? Check out our new detention guide for help answering those questions.

Publications by the Commission on Immigration and other related organizations

Our communities are facing challenges that have legal solutions. On , Thursday, October 27th, help communities build a m...
10/25/2022

Our communities are facing challenges that have legal solutions. On , Thursday, October 27th, help communities build a more democratic, equitable, and just society. Learn more at https://lnkd.in/gycpHtTm.

Next week is  (Oct 27th). Join our global ABA community of members, donors, and volunteers to support the people and the...
10/19/2022

Next week is (Oct 27th). Join our global ABA community of members, donors, and volunteers to support the people and the programs that build a more democratic, just, and equitable society. Visit https://lnkd.in/gycpHtTm and support the Commission.

Save the date for , Thursday, October 27th, to ensure fair treatment and due process rights for immigrants, asylum-seeke...
10/12/2022

Save the date for , Thursday, October 27th, to ensure fair treatment and due process rights for immigrants, asylum-seekers, and asylees in the United States.

Be one of the first donors to make a gift online at http://givingday.americanbar.org!

The ABA Commission on Immigration has partnered with the ABA Tax Section to bring you the following program on Wednesday...
10/04/2022

The ABA Commission on Immigration has partnered with the ABA Tax Section to bring you the following program on Wednesday, October 19, at 1 pm ET: “Taxigration: What You Always Wanted to Know about the Intersection between Tax Law and Immigration Law.” In this webinar, our panel of experts will explore “taxigration” as it pertains to individuals who are undocumented, as well as asylees, refugees, temporary visitors and workers, students, and investors and how tax compliance may impact future immigration benefits.

Many thanks to Commission member Charina Garcia for helping to organize this webinar and serving as moderator, as well as to Commission member Wafa Hoballah for serving as an expert panelist.

You can register here: bit.ly/3Cz33ZH

In case you missed out  our latest's webinar Motions to Reopen in Immigration Court, you can now find it on our YouTube ...
10/04/2022
Motions to Reopen in immigration court

In case you missed out our latest's webinar Motions to Reopen in Immigration Court, you can now find it on our YouTube channel. Make sure to check it out!

Link Here: https://youtu.be/bKXdQ_yWhoo

Motions to Reopen are an important advocacy tool for immigration advocates. This virtual training will provide information, considerations, and practical poi...

Check out our latest blog post by Commission on Immigration Advisory Committee member, Bonnie Fought, as she describes h...
09/26/2022

Check out our latest blog post by Commission on Immigration Advisory Committee member, Bonnie Fought, as she describes her experience providing legal services to asylum seekers in the southwest border.

Full Article Here: bit.ly/3BUuBaf

Join us for a free CLE webinar on Tuesday, September 27, 2022! Motions to Reopen are an important advocacy tool for immi...
09/23/2022

Join us for a free CLE webinar on Tuesday, September 27, 2022! Motions to Reopen are an important advocacy tool for immigration advocates. This virtual training will provide information, considerations, and practical pointers regarding Motions to Reopen at the immigration court level.

Time: 1:00 p.m. – 2:00 p.m. ET
Register Here: bit.ly/3SfuHjS

ProBAR is Hiring!The ABA seeks a passionate leader who is committed to and adept at working with a diverse staff and cli...
09/21/2022

ProBAR is Hiring!

The ABA seeks a passionate leader who is committed to and adept at working with a diverse staff and client population and who is an experienced immigration lawyer and advocate.

Candidates should visit bit.ly/3BEaXzk to review the job description and apply.

Our latest Pro Bono Spotlight is out! Senior Staff Attorney Emily McCabe writes about her experience with the COI/HIAS A...
09/15/2022

Our latest Pro Bono Spotlight is out! Senior Staff Attorney Emily McCabe writes about her experience with the COI/HIAS Afghan Pro Se+ project. We also congratulate the winners of the ABA Scholarship for Legal Advocates and share upcoming events and volunteer opportunities.

Full Newsletter Here: bit.ly/3LwUWjf

Check out this story by the ABA Journal that highlights how the ABA supports students who want to advocate for Afghan im...
09/13/2022
Advocates are helping Afghans apply for asylum and other immigration relief with ABA assistance

Check out this story by the ABA Journal that highlights how the ABA supports students who want to advocate for Afghan immigrants and asylum-seekers.

Full Article here: bit.ly/3Qz4YRG

In the weeks following the one-year anniversary of the fall of Kabul to the Taliban on Aug. 15, the ABA Journal is highlighting the ABA’s efforts to help judges, lawyers and others from Afghanistan resettle, obtain immigration benefits and secure jobs using their legal skills. This is part two in ...

Check out our latest  justice blog post as Emily McCabe, senior staff attorney at the ABA Commission on Immigration, wri...
08/29/2022

Check out our latest justice blog post as Emily McCabe, senior staff attorney at the ABA Commission on Immigration, writes about her experiences with the COI/HIAS Afghan Pro Se + Project.

Full Story: http://bit.ly/3e52ooZ

In case you missed our past webinar, you can now find it in our YouTube Channel. The training provides information, cons...
08/24/2022
Accelerated Timelines: Evidence Gathering & Making Your Case with Experts...

In case you missed our past webinar, you can now find it in our YouTube Channel. The training provides information, considerations, and practical pointers regarding evidence collection for Cases on the “Dedicated Docket.”

View Here: bit.ly/3Cqv0TP

Accelerated Timelines Evidence Gathering and Making Your Case with Experts for Cases on the Dedicated Dockets This virtual training will provide information,...

The Commission on Immigration was proud to host Deborah Enix-Ross during her first trip as ABA President. Together with ...
08/22/2022
ABA president volunteers at Texas immigration project

The Commission on Immigration was proud to host Deborah Enix-Ross during her first trip as ABA President. Together with Commission staff and volunteers, President Enix-Ross gave generously of her time at ABA ProBAR helping asylum seekers at our southern border.
https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2022/08/aba-president-probar/

American Bar Association President Deborah Enix-Ross spent most of her first full week in office volunteering to help asylum seekers who are escaping violence in their home countries and trying to find protection in the United States.

Join us Wednesday August 17, on our upcoming webinar! Cases on the “Dedicated Docket” are certain family group immigrati...
08/11/2022

Join us Wednesday August 17, on our upcoming webinar! Cases on the “Dedicated Docket” are certain family group immigration cases that must be adjudicated within 300 days of the initial Master Calendar Hearing. This virtual training will provide information, considerations, and practical pointers regarding evidence collection for these types of cases. CLE is offered!

Time: 1:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. ET
Register Here: bit.ly/3Pixnuv

Address

1050 Connecticut Avenue NW, Ste 400
Washington D.C., DC
20036

Opening Hours

Monday 9am - 5pm
Tuesday 9am - 5pm
Wednesday 9am - 5pm
Thursday 9am - 5pm
Friday 9am - 5pm

Telephone

+12026282810

Website

/immigration

Products

The following publications are available for download and for purchase on our website at www.americanbar.org/immigration:

-ABA Civil Immigration Detention Standards (2012)

-ABA Know Your Rights Video (2012)

-Reforming the Immigration System: Proposals to Promote Independence, Fairness, Efficiency, and Professionalism in the Adjudication of Removal Cases (Full Report and Executive Summary) (2019)

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Bright Quang, Business Licensed # 46090 by Redwood City, CA 9406 at Bright Quang (2012-present)

Answered 16m ago

Ex-FBI Director Comey violated DOJ policies in handling Trump memos, inspector general says

Our America has had statutorily 28 US Code 1346 and 28 US Code 2246 b -June 25, 1949, these are the United State as defendant and Federal Tort Claims Ac, but our America does not punish any American leaders and government employees- Therefore, some of American leaders and government employees that they were above law, so our the United States Congress should enact 28 US Code 1346 c which ought to prosecute some American leaders and government employees who were violated law in order to carry out unmitigated punishment for offenders that our America is “All men are created equal” Which are without had the umbrella –handle is covered by the umbrella. On the other hand, the proxy war of America has taken place in the Republic of Vietnam when the American leaders and the government employees who were above law. In fact, 28 US code 1502 Treaty case that the United States of America did not only sign with the Republic of Vietnam within the three United States Treaties to be International Agreement and solemnly declared protocols of the International relations with the Republic of Vietnam but also had the United States Department of Justice who was Robert Kennedy came to Saigon and said, “Vietnam must-win communism” — however, the American leaders and the government employees were above law- therefore, the proxy war of America was to be Neo-colonial war because of the American leaders had seized the Republic of Vietnam and then, they sold off South Vietnam to communism.

If you wanted to study the Vietnam war, you should be studied American law, the United States Constitution and the United united Congress that you were understood about the Vietnam War by your young mindset.
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