01/03/2014
Op**te overdose continues to be a major public health problem in the United States. It has contributed significantly to accidental deaths among those who use, misuse or abuse illicit and prescription opioid analgesics. In fact, overdose deaths involving prescription opioid analgesics have increased to almost 17,000 deaths a year. As a result, drug poisoning deaths in the U.S. almost doubled between 2001 and 2010. This increase coincided with a nearly fourfold increase in the use of prescribed opioids for the treatment of pain.
Opioids include illegal drugs such as he**in and prescription medications used to treat pain such as morphine, codeine, methadone, oxycodone (Oxycontin, Percodan, Percocet), hydrocodone (Vicodin), fentanyl, hydromorphone, and buprenorphine.
Opioids work by binding to specific receptors in the brain, spinal cord and gastrointestinal tract. In doing so, they minimize the body’s perception of pain. Stimulating the opioid receptors or “reward centers” in the brain also can trigger other systems of the body, such as those responsible for regulating mood, breathing and blood pressure. A variety of effects can occur after a person takes opioids, ranging from pleasure to nausea, vomiting, severe allergic reactions and overdose, in which breathing and heartbeat slow or even stop.
Opioid overdose can occur when a patient deliberately misuses a prescription opioid or an illicit drug such as he**in. It also can occur when a patient takes an opioid as directed, but the prescriber miscalculated the opioid dose or an error was made by the dispensing pharmacist or the patient misunderstood the directions for use.
Also at risk is the person who takes opioid medications prescribed for someone else, as is the individual who combines opioids ,prescribed or illicit, with alcohol, certain other medications, and even some over-the-counter products that depress breathing, heart rate, and other functions of the central nervous system.