The Club

25/07/2018

Before Auto Card

24/11/2016

20 THINGS YOU DIDN'T KNOW ABOUT COMPUTER HACKING
1. Hacker originally meant “one who makes furniture with an ax.” Perhaps because of the blunt nature of that approach, the word came to mean someone who takes pleasure in an unconventional solution to a technical obstacle.
2. Computer hacking was born in the late 1950s, when members of MIT’s Tech Model Railroad Club, obsessed with electric switching, began preparing punch cards to control an IBM 704 mainframe.
3. One of the club’s early programs: code that illuminated lights on the mainframe’s console, making it look like a ball was zipping from left to right, then right to left with the flip of a switch. Voilà: computer Ping-Pong!
4. By the early 1970s, hacker “Cap’n Crunch” (a.k.a. John Draper) had used a toy whistle to match the 2,600-hertz tone used by AT&T’s long-distance switching system. This gave him access to call routing (and brief access to jail).
5. Before they struck it rich, Apple founders Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs made and sold “blue boxes,” electronic versions of Draper’s whistle.
6. Using a blue box, Wozniak crank-called the Pope’s residence in Vatican City and pretended to be Henry Kissinger.
7. Hacking went Hollywood in the 1983 movie WarGames, about a whiz kid who breaks into a Defense Department computer and, at one point, hijacks a pay phone by hot-wiring it with a soda can pull-ring.
8. That same year, six Milwaukee teens hacked into Los Alamos National Lab, which develops nuclear weapons.
9. In 1988 Robert T. Morris created a worm, or self-replicating program, purportedly to evaluate Internet security.
10. The worm reproduced too well, however. The multimillion-dollar havoc that ensued led to Morris’s felony conviction, one of the first under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (PDF).
11. They all come home eventually. Morris now researches computer science at...MIT.
12. British hacker Gary McKinnon broke into 97 U.S. Navy, Army, Pentagon, and NASA computers in 2001 and 2002.
13. McKinnon’s defense: He wasn’t hunting military secrets; he was only seeking suppressed government files about space aliens.
14. According to rumor, agents of China’s People’s Liberation Army attempted to hack the U.S. power grid, triggering the great North American blackout of 2003.
15. It took IBM researcher Scott Lunsford just one day to pe*****te the network of a nuclear power station: “I thought, ‘Gosh, this is a big problem.’”
16. Unclear on the concept: When West Point holds its annual cyberwar games, the troops wear full fatigues while fighting an enemy online.
17. Think your Mac is hackproof? At this year’s CanSecWest conference, security researcher Charlie Miller used a flaw in Safari to break into a MacBook in under 10 seconds.
18. Cyborgs beware: Tadayoshi Kohno at the University of Washington recently hacked into a wireless defibrillator, causing it to deliver fatal-strength jolts of electricity.
19. This does not bode well for patients receiving wireless deep-brain stimulators.
20. The greatest kludge of all? Roger Angel of the University of Arizona has proposed building a giant sunscreen in space to hack the planet’s climate.

21/10/2016

😞😞😞

15/10/2016

print("Good Night") ;
Python 3

15/10/2016

took me ages to spot that one

14/10/2016

When you see it 😱😭

13/10/2016

Types of comments

A comment is a line (or multiple lines) of text that are inserted into the source code to explain what the code is doing. In C++ there are two kinds of comments.

The // symbol begins a C++ single-line comment, which tells the compiler to ignore everything to the end of the line. For example:

cout

12/10/2016

https://www.udacity.com/nanodegree?utm_source=udacity&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20160104_NewYearNewSkills

Start on the path toward earning a Udacity Nanodegree in your chosen field by exploring program options and connecting with the online community.

12/10/2016

A computer program is a sequence of instructions that tell the computer what to do.

Statements and expressions

The most common type of instruction in a program is the statement. A statement in C++ is the smallest independent unit in the language. In human language, it is analogous to a sentence. We write sentences in order to convey an idea. In C++, we write statements in order to convey to the compiler that we want to perform a task. Statements in C++ are terminated by a semicolon.

There are many different kinds of statements in C++. The following are some of the most common types of simple statements:

int x;
x = 5;
cout

11/10/2016

In this section, we’ll address some of the common issues that new programmers seem to run across with fairly high probability. This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of compilation or ex*****on problems, but rather a pragmatic list of solutions to very basic issues. If you have any suggestions for other issues that might be added to this list, post them in the comments section below.

Problem 1: When executing a program from the IDE, the console window blinks and then closes immediately.

Answer 1: Some compilers (eg. Bloodshed’s Dev C++) don’t automatically pause the console screen after the program has finished executing. If this is the case with your compiler, the following two steps will fix your problem:

First, add the following line near the top of your program:


Second, add the following code at the end of the main() function (right before the return statement):

cin.clear();
cin.ignore(255, '\n');
cin.get();
This will cause your program to wait for you to press a key before continuing, which will give you time to examine your program’s output before your compiler closes the console window.

Other solutions, such as the commonly suggested system(“pause”) solution may only work on certain operating systems.

Problem 2: When compiling with Microsoft Visual C++, you get the following error: “c:\vcprojects\test.cpp(263) :fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header directive”

Answer 2: This error occurs when the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler is set to use precompiled headers but one of your C++ code files does not include the stdafx header as the first line. To fix this problem, simply locate the file producing the error (in the above error, test.cpp is the culprit), and add the following line at the very top of the file:

"stdafx.h"
Alternatively, you can turn off precompiled headers.

Problem 3: When trying to use cin or cout, the compiler says cin or cout is an “undeclared identifier”

Answer 3: First, make sure you have included the following line near the top of your file:


In any function where you use use cin or cout, include the following line:

using namespace std;
Problem 4: When trying to use endl to end a printed line, the compiler says end1 is an “undeclared identifier”

Make sure you do not mistake the letter l (lower case L) in endl for the number 1. endl is all letters. I recommend using a font that makes it clear the differences between the letter lower case L, upper case i, and the number 1. Also the letter capital o and the number zero can easily be confused in many fonts. There is a huge list of programming fonts here.

Problem 4: My program compiles but it isn’t working correctly. What do I do?

Answer 4: Debug it! You can find information on how to debug programs in appendix A, specifically sections A.4 and A.5. You will probably find the debugging sections more comprehensible after reading a few more chapters, but I wanted to make you aware of their existence now for future reference.

11/10/2016

Before we can write our first program (which we will do very soon), we need to know two things about development environments.

First, although our programs will be written inside .cpp files, the .cpp files themselves will be added to a project. Some IDEs call projects “workspaces”, or “solutions”. The project stores the names of all the code files we want to compile, and also saves various IDE settings. Every time we reopen the project, it will restore the state of the IDE to where we left off. When we choose to compile our program, the project tells the compiler and linker which files to compile and link. It is worth noting that project files for one IDE will not work in another IDE.

Second, there are different kinds of projects. When you create a new project, you will have to pick a project type. All of the projects that we will create in this tutorial will be console projects. A console project means that we are going to create programs that can be run from the dos or linux command-line. By default, console applications have no graphical user interface (GUI) and are compiled into stand-alone executable files. This is perfect for learning C++, because it keeps the complexity to a minimum.

Traditionally, the first program programmers write in a new language is the infamous hello world program, and we aren’t going to deprive you of that experience! You’ll thank us later. Maybe.

A quick note about examples containing code

Starting with this lesson, you will see many examples of C++ code presented. Most of these examples will look something like this:



int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout