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Monday 08:00 - 16:00 Tuesday 08:00 - 16:00 Wednesday 08:00 - 16:00 Thursday 08:00 - 16:00 Friday 08:00 - 13:00

FAMSA Outeniqua, 68 Meade Street, George (2026)

31/05/2026

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

Regular physical activity strengthens the heart, allowing it to pump blood more efficiently. When the heart works better, less force is needed to move blood through the arteries, which helps lower blood pressure (Saghiv and Sagiv, 2020). Consistent exercise is one of the most effective non-medical ways to control hypertension.

𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦
Exercise improves the function of the Cardiovascular system. It enhances blood circulation, increases oxygen delivery, and reduces strain on the heart. Over time, this leads to healthier arteries and more stable blood pressure levels (Arun et al., 2026).

𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐃𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐄𝐱𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐞
Sweating is a natural response when the body heats up during physical activity. It shows that the body is active and working at a beneficial intensity (Baker, 2019).

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐬:
• Blood circulation increases
• Blood vessels relax and widen
• The body regulates temperature efficiently
These effects support better blood flow and contribute to lowering blood pressure.
Improved Blood Vessel Function
Physical activity helps arteries become more flexible and less stiff. Flexible blood vessels allow blood to flow more easily, reducing resistance and lowering blood pressure (Saghiv and Sagiv, 2020). Sweating during exercise often indicates the level of activity needed to achieve these benefits.

𝐖𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐚𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Exercise helps burn calories and reduce excess body fat (Nechita and Nechita, 2025). Being overweight is a major risk factor for hypertension, so maintaining a healthy weight through regular activity can significantly improve blood pressure control (NDoH, 2021).

𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡
Physical activity reduces stress hormones like cortisol and promotes relaxation. Since stress can raise blood pressure, lowering stress through exercise is an important benefit (Balkrishna et al., 2026). Activities that cause mild sweating often help release tension and improve mood (Baker, 2019).

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲
With regular exercise, the heart becomes stronger and can pump more blood with less effort. This reduces the pressure on the arteries and helps maintain healthier blood pressure levels over time (Saghiv and Sagiv, 2020)

𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐠-𝐓𝐞𝐫𝐦 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬
Consistent physical activity reduces the risk of serious complications linked to hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease (WHO, 2020). It also improves overall quality of life and increases life expectancy (NDoH, 2021).

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲
While sweating shows that the body is working, it is not the only measure of effectiveness. Regular, moderate exercise done consistently is more important than intense workouts done occasionally (Saghiv and Sagiv, 2020).

𝐒𝐚𝐟𝐞 𝐄𝐱𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐬
People with hypertension should (WHO, 2020):
• Start with low to moderate intensity activities
• Stay hydrated when sweating
• Avoid overexertion
• Consult a healthcare professional before starting a new exercise routine

𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬:
Saghiv, M.S. and Sagiv, M.S., 2020. ‘Blood pressure’, in Basic exercise physiology. Cham: Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48806-2_5.
Arun, A.S., Shah, R.M., Lu, Y., Dhruva, S.S., Wadhera, R.K. and Krumholz, H.M., 2026. ‘Exercise by atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease status: a JACC data report on trends in the United States, 2020–2024’, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 87(9). Available at: (JACC archives, 10 March 2026).
National Department of Health (NDoH). 2021. National user guide on the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults at the PHC level. Pretoria: Government Printer. Available at: https://knowledgehub.health.gov.za/elibrary/national-user-guide-prevention-and-treatment-hypertension-adults-primary-health-care-level [Accessed: 23 Aug. 2021].
Baker, L.B., 2019. ‘Physiology of sweat gland function: the roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health’, Temperature, 6(3), pp. 211–259. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2019.1632145.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2020. What is universal health coverage? Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-health-coverage [Accessed: 5 January 2025].
World Health Organization. (WHO). 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128.

29/05/2026

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗛𝘆𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻

𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major global health concern that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems (WHO, 2020). Among the many lifestyle factors that contribute to this condition, excessive sugar consumption has become increasingly important (Ma et al., 2022). Modern diets often include large amounts of added sugar, which negatively affects the body and plays a significant role in the development and progression of hypertension (Vignesh et al., 2025)

𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗚𝗮𝗶𝗻
One of the main ways sugar contributes to hypertension is through weight gain. Foods and beverages high in added sugar are often high in calories but low in nutritional value (Hu and Malik, 2022). When consumed in excess, they lead to an increase in body fat, which places extra strain on the heart and blood vessels (Ma et al., 2022). This added strain raises blood pressure and increases the risk of long-term health complications (NDoH, 2021).

𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿, 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗘𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀
High sugar intake is closely linked to insulin resistance, a condition in which the body cannot effectively use insulin. This condition is associated with Type 2 Diabetes and increases the likelihood of developing hypertension (Macdonald, 2016). Poor metabolic health further worsens blood pressure control.

𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗹𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗩𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗹𝘀
Excess sugar has a direct negative effect on blood vessels. It can damage the inner lining of arteries, making them less flexible and more prone to narrowing. When blood vessels become stiff, blood flow is restricted, leading to increased pressure within the arteries (DiNicolantonio et al., 2015)

𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗼𝗱𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
High sugar intake may also contribute to sodium retention in the body. This can cause fluid buildup, which increases the volume of blood in circulation and raises blood pressure levels (Vignesh et al., 2025).

𝗛𝗶𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗙𝗼𝗼𝗱𝘀
Many people consume more sugar than they realize because it is hidden in processed and packaged foods. Items such as soft drinks, sauces, cereals, and snacks often contain high levels of added sugar, making it difficult for consumers to manage their intake (Throsby, 2023)

𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆
The food industry plays a major role in influencing dietary habits. Food manufacturers can help reduce sugar consumption by reformulating products to contain less added sugar (Lustig, 2020). Providing clear and accurate labeling enables consumers to make informed choices. In addition, offering smaller portion sizes and healthier alternatives can significantly reduce overall sugar intake (Ma et al., 2022). Responsible marketing, especially limiting advertisements aimed at children, is also important.

𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀
Health organizations and governments are essential in addressing the problem of excessive sugar consumption (Moynihan and Miller, 2020). The World Health Organization provides guidelines on recommended sugar intake levels (WHO, 2015). Governments can implement policies such as sugar taxes, improved food labeling regulations, and public awareness campaigns. Educational programs in schools and communities also help promote healthier eating habits.

𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗵
Reducing sugar consumption requires cooperation between individuals, the food industry, and health organizations (Moynihan and Miller, 2020). Creating an environment that supports healthier choices makes it easier for people to reduce their sugar intake and manage hypertension effectively.

𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻
Excessive sugar consumption is a major contributing factor to Hypertension, affecting body weight, metabolism, and blood vessel health. Addressing this issue requires combined efforts from individuals, the food industry, and health organizations. Through strategies such as product reformulation, clear labeling, public education, and effective policies, it is possible to reduce sugar intake and improve overall health.

𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀:
Lustig, R.H., 2020. ‘Ultraprocessed food: addictive, toxic, and ready for regulation’, Nutrients, 12(11), p. 3401. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113401
Ma, X., Nan, F., Liang, H., Shu, P., Fan, X., Song, X., Hou, Y. and Zhang, D., 2022. Excessive intake of sugar: An accomplice of inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, p.988481. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.988481 [Accessed 7 May 2026].
Vignesh, A., Amal, T.C., Shanmugam, A. et al., 2025. Effects of dietary approaches to prevent hypertension and enhance cardiovascular health. Discover Food, 5, p.9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00278-w [Accessed 7 May 2026].
World Health Organization (WHO). 2020. What is universal health coverage? Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-health-coverage [Accessed: 5 January 2025].
Hu, F.B. and Malik, V.S., 2022. ‘The role of sugar-sweetened beverages in the global epidemics of obesity and chronic diseases’, Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 18, pp. 205–218.
National Department of Health (NDoH). 2021. National user guide on the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults at the PHC level. Pretoria: Government Printer. Available at: https://knowledgehub.health.gov.za/elibrary/national-user-guide-prevention-and-treatment-hypertension-adults-primary-health-care-level [Accessed: 23 Aug. 2021].
Macdonald, I.A.,2016. ‘A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes’, European Journal of Nutrition, 55(Suppl 2), pp. 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1340-8

DiNicolantonio, J.J., O’Keefe, J.H. and Lucan, S.C., 2015. ‘Added fructose: a principal driver of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its consequences’, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(3), pp. 372–381.

Throsby, K., 2023. ‘Hidden’, in Sugar rush. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526151568.00009 (Accessed: 7 May 2026).

World Health Organization. (WHO), 2015. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549028.
Moynihan, P. and Miller, C., 2020. ‘Beyond the chair: public health and governmental measures to tackle sugar’, Journal of Dental Research, 99(8), pp. 871–876. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520919333

25/05/2026

𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐃𝐀𝐋𝐘’𝐬

Hypertension happens when the pressure of blood in your arteries is consistently too high (Magder, 2018). Many people think it is not a big problem because it usually has no symptoms. You may feel completely fine, but over time, this high pressure quietly damages your body. That is why hypertension is often called a “silent killer” (NDoH, 2021). If it is not treated, hypertension can lead to serious health problems such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and kidney disease (WHO, 2020). These conditions can either cause early death or leave a person living with long-term health problems.

Now, let’s talk about DALYs, which stands for Disability-Adjusted Life Years.
DALYs are a way of measuring how much healthy life is lost due to disease. Instead of just counting how many people die, DALYs also consider how people live with illness or disability (Maulenkul et al., 2026). It gives us a bigger picture of how diseases affect our lives.

DALYs have two parts. The first is Years of Life Lost. This happens when a person dies earlier than expected (Zhao et al., 2026). For example, if someone dies at 60 when they could have lived to 75, they have lost 15 years of life.
The second part is Years Lived with Disability. This refers to the time a person lives with a health condition that affects their quality of life (Zhao et al., 2026). For example, someone who has a stroke may survive but live many years with difficulty moving or speaking.

When we combine these two parts, we get DALYs. In simple terms, DALYs show us how many years of healthy life are lost because of a disease (Kyu et al., 2018).
So how does hypertension relate to DALYs?
Hypertension increases DALYs in two major ways. First, it can lead to early death through conditions like stroke and heart attacks. This increases the Years of Life Lost. Second, it can cause long-term health problems, such as disability after a stroke or chronic heart disease.

This increases the Years Lived with Disability (Kyu et al., 2018; Chen et al., 2022). Because hypertension is very common and often lasts for many years, it contributes a large number of DALYs. This means it has a big impact on the health of communities and countries.
The good news is that hypertension can be managed and even prevented. Simple actions like checking your blood pressure regularly, eating less salt, exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and taking medication when prescribed can make a big difference.

By controlling hypertension, we can reduce the number of early deaths and disabilities. This means fewer DALYs and healthier lives for more people.
In conclusion, hypertension may not always show symptoms, but its effects are serious. DALYs help us understand just how much healthy life is lost because of it. By taking action, we can reduce its impact and improve the well-being of our communities.

SOURCES:
Magder, S., 2018. The meaning of blood pressure. Critical Care, 22, p.257. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-018-2171-1
Maulenkul, T., Aimyshev, T., Oshibayeva, A., Yazici, A., Aljofan, M., Japparkulova, A. and Gaipov, A., 2026. Forecasting the future burden of major diseases in Kazakhstan using global burden of disease and time series models (ARIMA, Prophet, LSTM), 2019-2032. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 23(1), p.em710. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/17734 [Accessed 7 May 2026].
Zhao, X., Lan, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Song, D., Wang, Y. and Liu, X., 2026. Global, regional, and national epidemiology of childhood tropical diseases (1990–2021): a systematic analysis of incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and deaths with projections to 2050. International Journal of Surgery, 112(3), pp.7316–7325. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000004479 [Accessed 7 May 2026]

Kyu, H., Abate, D., Abate, K. et al., 2018. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392(10159), pp.1859–1922. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32335-3 [Accessed 7 May 2026]
National Department of Health (NDoH). 2021. National user guide on the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults at the PHC level. Pretoria: Government Printer. Available at: https://knowledgehub.health.gov.za/elibrary/national-user-guide-prevention-and-treatment-hypertension-adults-primary-health-care-level [Accessed: 23 Aug. 2021].
World Health Organization (WHO). 2020. What is universal health coverage? Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-health-coverage [Accessed: 5 January 2025].
Chen, X., Zhao, X., Xu, F., Guo, M., Yang, Y., Zhong, L., Weng, X. and Liu, X., 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing FAST and BEFAST in acute stroke patients. Frontiers in Neurology, 13, p.1020398. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1020398 [Accessed 7 May 2026]
Kyu, H., Abate, D., Abate, K. et al., 2018. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 392(10159), pp.1859–1922. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32335-3 [Accessed 7 May 2026]

22/05/2026

𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗦𝗔 𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗤𝗨𝗔 & 𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗧'𝗦 𝗚𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗔𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲

Herholdt's Group

To our sponsors, guests, supporters, and everyone who contributed to the success of our Wine Auction, thank you from the bottom of our hearts for an unforgettable evening at the King George Protea Hotel on 16 May 2026.

The success of a non-profit organisation is never the work of one individual. It is built through the kindness, commitment, and support of people who believe in making a meaningful difference together. Our event this past weekend was a true reflection of that spirit of community, and we are sincerely grateful to every person who played a role.

Whether you sponsored, donated, attended, volunteered, organised behind the scenes, or placed bids on the evening, your support helped make this event possible and impactful.

Funds raised through the auction will assist us in continuing to provide counselling and support services to clients facing emotional and mental health challenges. Every contribution helps us extend care, guidance, and hope to those who need it most.

We would also like to extend a heartfelt thank you to our main sponsor, Herholdt’s Group, for your generous partnership and continued belief in the value of mental health and counselling services. Your support truly means a great deal to us.

To everyone who stood alongside us, thank you for helping us build a more caring and compassionate community.💙🧡

19/05/2026

𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞

May is widely recognised as a time for hypertension awareness, including global initiatives such as World Hypertension Day, observed on the 17th of May every year.

Hypertension is high blood pressure. Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because it usually has no obvious symptoms, yet it slowly damages blood vessels and vital organs over time (NDoH, 2021). One of its most serious and life-threatening complications is stroke (WHO, 2020).

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from receiving enough oxygen and nutrients (Syed et al., 2023). Brain cells begin to die within minutes, which is why stroke is a medical emergency (Yao et al., 2026).

𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞
There are three main types of stroke (Tang et al., 2026):

1. Ischemic Stroke (Most Common)
• Caused by a blockage in a blood vessel supplying the brain
• Often due to blood clots or fatty deposits (atherosclerosis)
• Strongly linked to hypertension, high cholesterol, and unhealthy lifestyle

2. Hemorrhagic Stroke
• Caused by a burst or leaking blood vessel in the brain
• High blood pressure is the leading cause because it weakens blood vessel walls
• Bleeding puts pressure on brain tissue, causing damage

3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – “Mini-stroke”
• A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain
• Symptoms are similar to a stroke but go away within minutes or hours
• It is a serious warning sign that a major stroke may occur in the future

𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞
Stroke is a neurological disease that directly affects the brain. The effects depend on which part of the brain is damaged and how severe the stroke is (Gittins et al., 2021)

A person may:
• Lose the ability to speak or understand language
• Experience memory loss or confusion
• Have difficulty walking, balancing, or moving one side of the body (paralysis)
• Develop long-term disability

Other possible effects include:
• Difficulty swallowing
• Vision problems
• Emotional changes such as depression or mood swings

In severe cases, a stroke can lead to permanent disability or death, especially if urgent medical care is not received.
Warning Signs of Stroke

Stroke often happens suddenly. Common warning signs include (Syed et al., 2023):
• Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side)
• Sudden confusion or trouble speaking
• Sudden vision problems
• Sudden severe headache
• Difficulty walking or loss of balance

𝐀 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐀𝐒𝐓 𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 (𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐞𝐭 𝐚𝐥., 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟐):
• F – Face drooping
• A – Arm weakness
• S – Speech difficulty
• T – Time to seek medical help immediately

𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐁𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐇𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for stroke because it:
• Damages and narrows blood vessels
• Increases the risk of blood clots
• Weakens artery walls, making them more likely to burst

This is why controlling blood pressure is critical in preventing stroke.

𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐌𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞
Hypertension may not show symptoms, but it can silently lead to stroke. Understanding the types of stroke, warning signs, and risks can help people act quickly and reduce the chances of serious disability or death.

Sources
Tang, X., Tang, M., Liu, W. and Cui, S., 2026. Explainable machine learning for stroke risk prediction: a comparative study with SHAP-based interpretation. Frontiers in Neurology, 16, p.1716984. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1716984
Yao, M., Wang, M., Ma, Y., Busse, J.W., Hu, X., Liu, Y., Luo, X., Liang, Q., Liang, X., Zou, K., Li, L. and Sun, X., 2026. Projections of the global, regional and national stroke burden by 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. European Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-026-01376-4
National Department of Health (NDoH). 2021. National user guide on the prevention and treatment of hypertension in adults at the PHC level. Pretoria: Government Printer. Available at: https://knowledgehub.health.gov.za/elibrary/national-user-guide-prevention-and-treatment-hypertension-adults-primary-health-care-level [Accessed: 23 Aug. 2021].
World Health Organization (WHO). 2020. What is universal health coverage? Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-health-coverage [Accessed: 5 January 2025].
Gittins, M., Lugo-Palacios, D., Vail, A., Bowen, A., Paley, L., Bray, B. and Tyson, S., 2021. Stroke impairment categories: a new way to classify the effects of stroke based on stroke-related impairments. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(3), pp.446–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520966473
Syed, W., Qadhi, O.A., Barasheed, A., AlZahrani, E. and Al-Rawi, M.B.A., 2023. Evaluation of knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of stroke – An observational study among future health care professionals. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, p.1131110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131110
Chen, X., Zhao, X., Xu, F., Guo, M., Yang, Y., Zhong, L., Weng, X. and Liu, X., 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing FAST and BEFAST in acute stroke patients. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, p.765069. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.765069

16/05/2026

Famsa/Herholdt's wine auction!!!!
We are counting the minutes for our wine auction to start! What a beautiful moment to see months of planning coming together, with so many sponsors, making this event possible. We are thankful.

10/05/2026

Happy Mother’s Day💙🧡

04/05/2026

🌟 𝗔𝗻 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗸 - 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲!

Families South Africa (FAMSA Outeniqua) invites you to join us for a night where fine wine meets heartfelt purpose. 🍷✨

On Saturday, 16 May, we gather at the Protea Hotel George King George for a formal wine auction and plated dinner. More than just an elegant evening, this is a chance to stand together as a community and support the vital work FAMSA does for families across the Garden Route.

💖 Every table purchased is not just a seat at the auction, it’s a gift of hope, healing, and strength to families who need it most.

📌 R5500 per table of 10
🍽️ Plated Dinner
🍷 Wine Tasting
🎉 Auction excitement

Let’s fill the room with generosity, laughter, and the spirit of giving. Book your table today and be part of something truly meaningful.

👉 RSVP by 1 May at 082 374 7152.

Together, we can raise our glasses to stronger families and a stronger community. 🥂

24/04/2026

𝑹𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑻𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒄 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒔 𝑾𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑰𝒕

A common experience many individuals share is:
“I don’t understand how I ended up in the same kind of relationship again.”
While the faces may change, the patterns often remain the same.

This can look like:

• Being drawn to emotionally unavailable partners
• Tolerating inconsistency or mixed signals
• Overgiving while receiving very little in return
• Feeling responsible for “fixing” or helping the other person

These patterns are rarely accidental. They are often learned relational dynamics that have become familiar over time.

In psychology, this is sometimes referred to as pattern repetition—where individuals unconsciously recreate relationship dynamics that mirror earlier life experiences.

“𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝑭𝒆𝒆𝒍𝒔 𝑳𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝑯𝒐𝒎𝒆” 𝒗𝒔 “𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝑰𝒔 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝒚”
One of the most important distinctions we help clients understand is the difference between:
👉 What feels familiar
and
👉 What is actually healthy
Familiarity is not always a sign of safety—it is a sign of recognition
For example:
• If you grew up around emotional inconsistency, chaos may feel normal
• If love was unpredictable, you may associate uncertainty with attraction
• If affection had to be earned, you may feel drawn to partners who make you “work for it”

So when you meet someone who is:
• Consistent
• Emotionally available
• Calm and stable
…it may feel unfamiliar—and sometimes even “boring.”
Meanwhile, someone who is:
• Intense
• Unpredictable
• Emotionally inconsistent
may feel exciting, engaging, and strangely “right.”
This is where many people become vulnerable—because they mistake emotional familiarity for compatibility.

𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑹𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝑬𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔
Our earliest relationships—especially with caregivers—play a significant role in shaping how we experience love, connection, and safety.

These early experiences create what can be understood as emotional imprints—internal beliefs about:
• What love looks like
• What we deserve
• How relationships function

For example:
• A child who experienced neglect may grow up craving attention and tolerate inconsistency
• A child raised in conflict may become accustomed to tension and chaos
• A child who had to “earn” love may overgive in adult relationships

These imprints are not conscious choices. They operate quietly in the background, influencing:
• Who we are drawn to
• What we tolerate
• How we behave in relationships

At FAMSA, we often see individuals who are not choosing unhealthy partners intentionally—but are being guided by unexamined emotional patterns formed long before adulthood.

𝑾𝒉𝒚 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝒚 𝑳𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝑼𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
One of the most challenging shifts for many people is learning that:
Healthy love may feel unfamiliar before it feels right.

When you are used to:
• Emotional highs and lows
• Uncertainty
• Having to “earn” love

Then stability can feel:
• Too slow
• Too quiet
• Not “intense enough”
This discomfort can lead individuals to:
• Lose interest in healthy partners
• Return to familiar but unhealthy dynamics
• Misinterpret calmness as lack of connection

But in reality, what feels “boring” may actually be:
👉 Emotional safety
👉 Consistency
👉 Maturity

𝑩𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆
The good news is that these patterns are not permanent. With awareness and intentional effort, they can be changed.
The first step is recognition:

• Noticing repeated patterns in your relationships
• Reflecting on what draws you to certain people
• Identifying what feels familiar vs what is healthy

The next step is conscious choice:
• Slowing down in relationships
• Observing behaviour over time
• Choosing based on values and consistency—not just feelings

It also involves redefining love:
• From intensity → to stability
• From uncertainty → to clarity
• From emotional chaos → to emotional safety

𝑨 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
At FAMSA, we believe that one of the most empowering realisations a person can have is this:
You are not stuck in your patterns—but you do need to become aware of them to change them.

Choosing a life partner is not only about finding the “right person.”
It is also about becoming the kind of person who can recognise, choose, and sustain a healthy relationship.

You Don’t Have to Do This Alone
If you recognise these patterns in your own life, it may be helpful to explore them in a safe and supportive environment.
FAMSA offers counselling services that help individuals:
• Understand their relationship patterns
• Process past experiences
• Build healthier ways of relating

Because ultimately:
What feels familiar is not always what is best for you—but what is healthy can become your new normal.

13/04/2026

𝐀 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐀𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬, 𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐫
At FAMSA, our goal is not to discourage relationships, but to encourage informed, empowered decision-making.
Love should never come at the cost of your:
• Safety
• Financial stability
• Emotional wellbeing
• Sense of self

𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
If there is one consistent truth from our work, it is this:
Who you choose as a life partner has a profound impact on every aspect of your life
Taking time to observe, question, and reflect is not being “difficult”—it is being wise.

If you find yourself in a situation where you feel unsure, overwhelmed, or harmed, reaching out for professional support can provide clarity, safety, and direction.
FAMSA remains committed to supporting individuals and families in building healthier relationships and stronger futures.

Contact FAMSA Outeniqua for an appointment: 0448745811 / [email protected] or follow the link to the helpline contact details: https://www.opencounseling.com/hotlines-za

FAMSA Outeniqua

31/05/2026

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Monday	08:00 - 16:00
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